Marc Garlasco
@marcgarlasco
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Chief of Assessment and Investigation Support in Civilian Protection Center of Excellence US Department of Defense - tweets are made in my personal capacity.
Washington DC
Joined January 2009
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There was an oasis in Baghdad known as the Hamra.
@maassp
was swimming laps while
@ReubenBrigety
danced the night away with Marla Ruzika. She taught me one person really can change the world. Killed
#OTD
in 2005 with Faiz ali Salim. She’s still dancing in my memories...
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“When I investigate a site of a potential war crime the first thing I do is locate and identify parts of the weapon. The weapon tells you who did it and how. I’ve never seen such a lack of physical evidence for a weapon at a site. Ever. /1/
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That’s the manufacturer cage code for Raytheon
A weapon fragment reportedly recovered at the site of a Saudi-led coalition airstrike that killed at least 82 (per MSF) at a detention facility in Saada,
#Yemen
. Aid agencies and the UN say the facility was used to house migrants. Screenshot from a video released by Houthis.
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Whatever hit the hospital in
#Gaza
it wasn’t an airstrike. Even the smallest JDAM leaves a 3m crater. Widespread surface damage and total lack of cratering inconsistent with an airstrike.
Possible impact crater at the Ahli Hospital in Gaza, roughly 1x1 meter, maybe 30cm deep.
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#Amnestyinternational
got this one wrong. I fear their report will endanger Ukrainian civilians. While nothing has stopped
#Russia
from hitting civilian areas now they have an excuse. A respected human rights org said the targets are there. I fear they will expand 4/
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their targeting of civilian areas at worst. At best they can claim a defense. Amnesty was wrong on the law. They were wrong on the timing. Ukraine needs to avoid endangering civilians but this report was off target. /END/
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There’s always a piece of a bomb after the fact. In 20 years of investigating war crimes this is the first time I haven’t seen any weapon remnants. And I’ve worked three wars in Gaza.”
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Ukraine can place forces in areas they are defending - especially in
#urbanwarfare
. There is no requirement to stand shoulder to shoulder in a field - this isn’t the 19th century. Ukraine still has an OBLIGATION to protect civilians - but they are taking steps to do so like 2/
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helping civilians relocate. The info environment is complex but when I train Ukrainian
#WarCrimes
teams I always tell them they must investigate alleged violations of ALL parties to the conflict. 3/
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I wrote this report. The damage seen at the
#Gaza
hospital site was not caused by an Israeli SPIKE missile. The impact hole from a spike is mere centimeters in width.
And for comparison, see
@HRW
's 2009 report on drone strikes in Gaza.
"The drone-launched missiles detonate above the ground, which creates a narrow, relatively shallow crater from missile parts not involved in fragmentation hitting the ground."
9/x
.
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Twenty years ago the invasion of
#Iraq
began with airstrikes on Dora Farms in an attempt to kill Saddam Hussein. I was the Chief of High Value Targeting (HVT) in the Pentagon. We conducted 50 airstrikes on
#Saddam
and the "deck of cards" and never killed a single one of them. 1/
🧵
#OTD
20 years ago the US targeting community travelled to
@20FighterWing
for targeting week under OPLAN 1003 V - the "final" planning of the deliberate targeting phase for the Iraq war in 2003.
#OIF
@MarkHertling
@laraseligman
@MilAvHistory
@militaryhistori
@dave_brown24
1/
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Warnings do not create a free fire zone. Some won’t leave. Some can’t. The laws of war including distinction and proportionality must still be followed even after a warning is given.
#IHL
#LOAC
CNN's Wolf Blitzer: You knew that there were innocent civilians in that refugee camp, right?
IDF spox: This is the tragedy of war. We told them to move south.
Blitzer: So you decided to drop the bomb anyway.
IDF spox: We’re doing everything we can to minimize civilian deaths.
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Thoughts on the
#Dronestrike
in
#Kabul
that killed an
#Afghan
family. For background I was the Chief of High Value Targeting on the Joint Staff 2002-03, led UN war crimes investigations in
#Afghanistan
in 2011, and in 2015 assisted in a study of airstrikes while deployed on the
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Russia has a long history of violating ceasefires in Syria. I was on the
@UNCoISyria
for two years investigating
#WarCrimes
and we saw them attack humanitarian corridors and blatantly use ceasefires for military purposes.
#UkraineRussianWar
Putin had no qualms about sending bombs and missiles to kill Ukrainians during their Christmas and New Year's celebrations, but now he wants to unilaterally declare some kind of a pretend ceasefire to honor the Orthodox holidays. Cynical, revolting, theatrical hypocrisy.
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I was in the Pentagon on 9/11 and after was tasked to see if there was a link between Saddam and Bin Laden. There was none but that didn't matter. I briefed Cheney, Rumsfeld, Tenet. WMD was convenient. The drum beat to war was a fait accompli...
The US Govt & my boss at the time Colin Powell did not lie about WMD. The word “lie” involves intent. There was no intent; we got it wrong. We misinterpreted intelligence & assumed Saddam was hiding WMD when he was hiding his lack of WMD. No more, no less.
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"Holy Hatred" is not part of the Hague declaration, Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols, Resolutions, Other Conventions, Treaties, or anywhere for that matter. Attacks targeting civilians and objects indispensable to the survival of civilians are prohibited.
Meanwhile in Russia: a lawmaker argues that the strikes against Ukraine's critical infrastructure are meant to express Russia's "holy hatred" towards Ukrainians and prompt them to overthrow Zelensky. Others pontificate that freezing Ukrainian civilians will prompt a capitulation.
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I left the Pentagon the day after Saddam's statue fell. I have worked these last 20 years as a war crimes investigator and human rights investigator. I now work with militaries to improve their CIVCAS work so civilians in conflict are spared the harms or war... END
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@laraseligman
@SecArmy
There are 89 African American CMOH recipients - start with that list.
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My heart is filled with sorrow. Looking back over the past 20 years I can tell you one thing for certain - it wasn't "Iraqi Freedom" that was launched that day twenty years ago...
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US never dropped the MOAB in Iraq due to collateral damage concerns. I was on the targeting team that considered it
@barbarastarrcnn
The U.S. just dropped its largest non-nuclear bomb in Afghanistan
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Today the US is finally creating its FIRST policy on civilian harm and I applaud the
@SecDef
for his efforts to implement the CHMRAP but WE ARE STILL WAITING and the policy is hung up in the Pentagon. It's been 20 YEARS
@DOD_Policy
- push the damn thing out already. 10/
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The only thing worse than war criminals is the President that pardons them…
#Trump
It’s the 10 year anniversary of the worst day of my life. On this day, I witnessed Clint Lorance give the order that led to the deaths of Afghans that didn’t need to die. It sits with me to this day; and I’ve dreaded this day for months.
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It is with deep sadness I just learned Iain Fishback took his life this morning. I am truly beside myself with sadness and rage at how we continue to let this happen to veterans. I will post more about this man's amazing life when I can but for now I am gutted...
Army Capt. Ian Fishback blew the whistle on detainee abuse in Iraq. He went on to Special Forces, a PhD, and a teaching position at West Point. But now he needs some help --
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What's in a number? The US famously said they don't do body counts. We probably won't ever know the true human cost of the Iraq invasion and wars that it led to. The "insurgency," rise of ISIS, dead soldiers, dead civilians.
@ThisAmerLife
once tried 9/
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The pressure to kill Saddam and those on the list was intense and group think combined with hubris kept the strikes going. At what point do you reevaluate? Ten failed strikes? 20? No you keep going because THIS is the one. The intel is better. But we went ZERO for FIFTY. 8/
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There are hundreds of families in numerous countries that will never have closure until the US changes course. There will be more such strikes and more dead in the future unless we reassess these attacks and implement much needed changes. We can do better. We must do better.
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@MarkHertling
@rcallimachi
When I was at DIA I recommended hundreds of targets. Had I put one forward based on this “intel” I would have been sacked.
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@SpencerGuard
@NogaArbell
You know I’ve worked multiple conflicts in Gaza. This is the most detailed warning I’ve ever seen.
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Thus Dora Farms was the first of 50 strikes in the whack-a-mole hunt for Saddam that only killed civilians. April 5 Basrah - 17 civilians killed in a strike on Chemical Ali, King of Spades. April 8 Baghdad - 6 civilians in a strike on Saddam's brother Watban the 5 of Spades 6/
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@rgpoulussen
My cousin - shot down in second Schweinfurt but survived and completed his 25 in 43.
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@marinamaral2
My grandmother dressed as a man to race in the 1920 Havana Championship at Oriental Park race course with my grandfather when the race officials wouldn't let her ride with him after he crashed in the qualifier. They won and set the track speed record.
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🧵 on training Ukrainian
#WarCrimes
investigators: Investigators & prosecutors of the
@MVS_UA_en
are leading war crimes investigations on all parties to the conflict. International experts from
@InstituteIntl
went to Poland to train them during 2 weeks intensive instruction. 1/
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@Doctrine_Man
In Syria they started with leave or starve as an actual policy. Then they changed to leave or die. We are seeing the culmination of lessons learned over years of turning Syria and its people to dust.
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Guilt by association isn’t a lawful targeting option no matter who does it. The US signature strikes in Afghanistan led to widespread civilian deaths before they were stopped. There must be a presumption of civilian status. Civilians are
#notatarget
Israel is dropping leaflets in northern Gaza saying anyone who doesn't flee "may be identified as a partner in a terrorist organization.” That is what Israel did in 2006 in southern Lebanon and then wrongfully attacked civilians.
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The war on Christmas starting early this year…
Meanwhile in Russia: appearing on state TV, retired Colonel Konstantin Sivkov, Deputy President of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, suggested blowing up the North Pole if that's what it takes to teach the West a lesson.
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Superb thread on the laws governing the hospital strike in
#Gaza
. It may seem callous but this is the law we created. Bottom line for me though is civilians continue to die whomever is to blame and this war needs to end.
A few thoughts regarding the strike on the Al Ahli Hospital. Regardless of who bears responsibility and what the law says on the matter, the loss of life is horrofic - hopefully we can all agree on this. For a legal assessment, however, we need to know /1
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because the world was watching and the
@nytimes
crew including
@mattaikins
conducted an investigation at the site. I have investigated dozens of such strikes where families were never contacted, never learned why their family members were killed, and received no condolences.
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April 7 Baghdad - the most famous strike on Saddam and his two sons the Aces of Spades, Clubs, and Hearts killed 18 civilians. We had put together the "Black List" (that became the deck of cards) at CIA. The last dozen or so names were pulled from a hat. 7/
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Don’t look away.
#WarCrimes
investigations and trials take time. Years. When people begin to tire of hearing about
#Ukraine
remember this moment. Remember Bucha. We owe it to the victims and to future generations to
#NeverForget
mean it when you say
#NeverAgain
GRAPHIC CONTENT: Today I watched as Ukraine began exhuming more than 440 bodies found in a mass burial site on the edge of liberated city Izium, Kharkiv region.
At least 1 civilian showed signs of torture, while I saw two bodies (believed to be soldiers) with their hands tied.
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This is the same shit the
#Russians
pulled in
#Syria
where they bombed hospitals.
#InformationWarfare
in full effect. Prepare for more….
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HVT cells were at the Pentagon (DIA), CIA, NSA, and CENTCOM forward. The war was to begin two days later yet Bush changed the plan & struck a massive palace complex on Dora Farms in Baghdad. CIA had HUMINT reporting of Saddam being there so the war might be ended swiftly. 2/
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I was the military advisor
@UNCoISyria
war crimes commission & documented the use of
#cemicalweapons
in the war in
#Syria
. We have UNVERIFIED accounts of
#Russia
using these weapons in
#Ukraine
. Perhaps the Syria experience can help inform. Russia NEVER used them in Syria. /1
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My comments in this article - Al-Ahli Arab hospital: Piecing together what happened as Israel insists militant rocket to blame | Israel-Hamas war | The Guardian
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All rocket attacks into Israel are war crimes for 2 reasons - they use indiscriminate weapons and they directly target civilians. Rockets that kill Palestinians are a war crime because if you intend to commit a war crime but kill the wrong group of civilians it’s still war crime.
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Cheney went on TV and SHOCKED us as he read almost verbatim from CIA reports that "He was seen being dug out of the rubble and wasn't able to breathe." Audio and later video of Saddam came out. He was alive and so we kept trying to kill him. 5/
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If Saddam were dead many of the buildings slated to be bombed would be needed so we removed them from the JTL and re-racked and stacked them. What people called shock and awe was far from what had been planned. But was Saddam dead? 4/
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Ben Affleck bought the rights to my life story and hired the writer to “Snakes on a Plane” to write the script…needless to say it never got green lit 🤣
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As we tried to discern if Saddam had been killed the Joint Targeting List (JTL) was RAPIDLY altered. The targeting community had spent a week at Shaw AFB meticulously planning the opening strikes of what would later be known as "shock and awe." Now it had to be redone. 3/
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witnesses, rarely take into account info from NGOs or other orgs like the UN, and instead rely on the intelligence that led to the strike thus reinforcing their original determination. There is no accountability. Nothing seems to change. This strike has had closer scrutiny ONLY
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The US Congress earmarks $3 Million ANNUALLY for ex gratia payments to war victims. In 2021 the US paid out ZERO dollars among all of the incidents it investigated. These investigations are also flawed as they do not investigate the site of the strike, do not talk to victims and
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That’s the manufacturer cage code for Raytheon
#Yemen
#Saada
@bellingcat
@David_Philipps
@AzmatZahra
@EricSchmittNYT
@nickturse
@nickschifrin
@ABarnardNYT
A weapon fragment reportedly recovered at the site of a Saudi-led coalition airstrike that killed at least 82 (per MSF) at a detention facility in Saada,
#Yemen
. Aid agencies and the UN say the facility was used to house migrants. Screenshot from a video released by Houthis.
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For Iraq I recommended many dozens of deliberate targets before switching to dynamic targeting where I participated in 50 TST targeting Saddam Hussein. All 50 failed to kill the target. Most killed only civilians. For most of these strikes the targeted individual was not present.
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Just had a chat with my daughter as she is writing a paper for her mil history class on Overlord, interrupts me, "Sure but logistics win wars." Then explains Mulberry harbors, the Red Ball Express, etc and so my work is done here and I can die now
@SpitfireFilly
@militaryhistori
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Important point on
#Gaza
strike 👇
@aurelsari
Just to add: If an armed group directs an attack at one group of civilians, but the attack kills another group of civilians, they still commit a war crime.
Under the ICC Statute, the crime is one of conduct, not result.
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Maybe don’t participate in an insurrection...
People who broke into the Capitol Wednesday are now learning they are on No-Fly lists pending the full investigation. They are not happy about this.
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@CNN
@POTUS
The revelation almost half of all bombs dropped on
#Gaza
by Israel are unguided dumb bombs completely undercuts their claim of minimizing civilian harm.
@SecBlinken
why send them PGMs when they don’t use them?
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vehicles in all of Afghanistan. This is not the first time I have seen this exact signature lead to civilian deaths in Afghanistan. Also, the US was likely out for blood. The loss of 13 US service members needed to be avenged. I am concerned this likely influenced the decision by
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Amazing week training
@Ukraine
#WarCrime
investigators. They are dedicated, skilled, and ready for the challenge of bringing cases to international justice mechanisms. /1
@SpencerGuard
@bellingcat
@MarkHertling
@UAWeapons
@IAPonomarenko
@DefenceU
@MFA_Ukraine
@IntlCrimCourt
#IHL
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Killing civilians isn't new for
#Russia
ICYMI: Last week we published our new assessment of civilian harm from Russia's military activities in Syria, detailing up to 24,000 civilian deaths in a seven year campaign.
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We continue to see TSTs lead to
#CIVCAS
that then are never investigated. I recommend the suspension of TSTs until a thorough review of the tactics, techniques, and procedures as well as a wholesale change to how the US investigates and responds to civilian harm it causes.
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Ten years ago today the Taliban attacked the
#UN
in
#Mazar
and killed seven. I was in Kabul and had just gotten off the phone with Joakim Dungel, HRU head in Mazar. He was working on his day off preparing for my visit the next day to review POC work. 1/
@UNAMAnews
@jaketapper
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There must be an independent international investigation into this and all
#warcrimes
committed in
#Gaza
.
A spokesperson of the U.S. government says the Biden administration doesn’t think it is “appropriate” for there to be an international investigation into the destruction of the hospital in Gaza.
Why would the U.S. oppose such an investigation if it believes Israel didn’t do it?
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I have analyzed many dozens of US airstrikes in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, etc. and worked with the US to improve their practices. Unfortunately there seem to be several problems with this strike. First, they were looking for a white Toyota Corolla, among the most common
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Ladies and Gentlemen, the graduating class of The Hague, 2023 presented by
@EliotHiggins
and
@christogrozev
#WarCrimes
#Ukraine
#Russia
#UkraineUnderAttack
Ever wonder how Russian cruise missiles find their way into Ukrainian playgrounds, power stations, and apartment buildings? Well thanks to
@bellingcat
’s
@christogrozev
wonder no more. It’s time to meet the team behind the targeting of Russian missiles on civilian infrastructure.
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A thread on targeting: Bottom line is there are many checks in the targeting cycle to ensure targets are lawful, necessary, can be struck in a lawful manner, do not unduly risk lives, and are the proper course of action for the requirement. 1/
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After the revelation by
@NatashaBertrand
@CNN
that almost half the bombs Israel is dropping on
#Gaza
are unguided lets talk about aerial bomb accuracy in this thread...CEP👇/1
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the Target Engagement Authority to authorize this strike, particularly when it appears to have been built on a rather thin veneer of intelligence. There was no pattern of life analysis (per Gen McKenzie) that could have determined this was a civilian residence. The Collateral
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@CNN
@POTUS
@SecBlinken
From the CNN article: “The official said the US believes that an unguided munition dropped via dive-bombing is similarly precise to a guided munition.” This is such utter BULLSHIT - so why does the US bother using PGMs? Because accuracy matters.
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I investigated these airstrikes for the UN. In 2012
@NATO
refused to answer the most basic questions. If it wasn’t for
@airwars
and journalists we would never know Denmark was responsible for these deaths. It’s time they recognized the harm caused and make amends.
@Altingetdk
@guardian
Read our full story on how we exposed Denmark's role in a number of airstrikes that killed Libyan civilians
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@EliotHiggins
It’s more though. He is an obstacle. When I worked on the UN Khan Sheikhoun report I had to do multiple briefs to show why his “analysis” of the event was trash. Wasted time and resources. He’s unfortunately devolved into an internet troll.
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Working THEORY on the strike outside
#Shifa
hospital: the IDF has shifted to HVT strikes using Spike missiles. For background I was the Chief of High Value Targeting (HVT) in the Pentagon 02-03. Here is a report I wrote on Spike use in Gaza.
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@DavidLarter
The hardest part of my job as a war crimes investigator has always been explaining the vast majority of civilian deaths in war are lawful. That doesn't mean good or acceptable. But they are not war crimes.
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@john_sipher
@nytimes
As a former member of the IC I couldn’t agree more. Awful decision. Defenseless.
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Targeting medical facilities is a
#warcrime
. When Russia does it - war crime. When Syria does it - war crime. When Israel does it - war crime.
BREAKING: The Gaza Health Ministry says at least 500 people killed in an explosion at a hospital that it says was caused by an Israeli airstrike.
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USS Theodore Roosevelt while working for
@CNA_org
. There are two types of airstrikes - deliberate and dynamic. Deliberate are planned long in advance, have numerous checks, use a pattern of life analysis, and have a relatively low incident of civilian casualties. Dynamic strikes,
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such as Time Sensitive Targeting, are when the attacker has a small window of opportunity to engage a mobile target that is of high value. In a TST there is rarely time for a pattern of life analysis, structured collateral damage estimate, and all the checks normally conducted.
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How can you print such absolute bullshit. The US destroyed all its chemical weapons. And this is just plain bonkers…why do I stay on this hellsite? JFC
Exclusive: Israel will flood Hamas tunnels with nerve gas under US navy supervision
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So this was bullshit
@elonmusk
?
Twitter will be forming a content moderation council with widely diverse viewpoints.
No major content decisions or account reinstatements will happen before that council convenes.
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Damage Estimate was likely VERY minimal though they did use the proper weapon. The Hellfire has a very small warhead and depending on which variant was used they often need to add a fragmentation sleeve because it does not have widespread effects.
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The
@nytimes
visual investigations team puts on a CLINIC on how to do
#OSINT
analysis. Truly impressive. Check this thread out
@bellingcat
@EliotHiggins
#Gaza
When a 2,000-pound bomb detonates, it creates a blastwave that can harm people up to 3,000 feet away. Our Visual Investigation suggests Israel routinely dropped this bomb in the area south of Wadi Gaza - the place it had repeatedly told civilians in Gaza to move to for safety.…
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When satire and reality are indistinguishable
Russia accidentally kills senior Islamic State leader while bombing hospital
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I helped identify weapons used in strikes on the Shifa hospital in
#Gaza
for this piece. The hospital was hit by multiple 120mm high explosive tank shells. These travel up to 4000m and have overpenetration issues in urban areas - they may hit their target but can keep going.
Several Israeli shells hit Al Shifa Hospital on Friday during intense fighting in Gaza.
Seven people were killed in at least four strikes on different parts of the sprawling complex.
Latest with
@NeilCollier
. 🧵
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Over 4000 Afghan civilians died in just over 51,000 airstrikes between 2008-2021 when detailed record keeping began. This 🧵 on
#CIVCAS
in
#Afghanistan
from airstrikes draws on data from
@CENTCOM
, UNAMA,
@CivCenter
,
@hrw
, and my time there.
@ShaharzadAkbar
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Friends and followers: as I return to federal service tomorrow I will no longer be commenting publicly on specific matters such as the conflicts in Gaza & Ukraine or policy issues. I’ve enjoyed the dialogue but return you to dog photos and banal revelry. Be kind to one another…
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@Cobrahistorian
@RedIntelPanda
VERY kind of them to let the war crimes investigators know what bombs they are using…
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Initial assessment shows crater has visual signature of the Israeli Spike NLOS and fragmentation on the tree consistent with cubic Spike fragments. Journalists Rabih Maamari & Farah Omar killed in southern Lebanon.
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Of note historical PGM use: Iraq 1991 ~8%, Serbia 1999 ~33%, Afghanistan 2002 ~65%, Iraq 2003 ~66%, Libya 2011 -100%, Gaza 2023 ~65% as Israel takes a huge step backwards /2
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@Brian_Castner
and I comment on this shocking news in this report from
@NatashaBertrand
of
@CNN
: explains the high rate of
#CIVCAS
as the
@IAFsite
is killing civilians at more than twice the global rate as shown by data from
@AOAV
/3
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@CNN
@POTUS
@SecBlinken
The last time I know of the US dropping unguided weapons in populated areas was the use of CBU-87 cluster bombs around the outskirts of Baghdad against SA-2 sites in 2003.
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