Nature Neuroscience
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News, commentary and research coverage from the international monthly journal publishing the highest quality of work in all areas of neuroscience.
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Our special August issue focused on glia is now live!
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💥We're hiring!💥
We're recruiting a locum editor, especially someone with expertise in cellular/molecular neuroscience, neurodegeneration, or neuroimmunology. This is a great way to test out an editorial career and see if it's for you!
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When an artificial neural network was trained to solve 20 cognitive tasks, functionally specialized modules and compositional representations emerged
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505
A GnRH neuronal population in the olfactory bulb translates socially relevant odors into reproductive behavior in male mice
@GiacobiniPaolo
@NeuroendoLille
@CognitionLille
@univ_lille
@Inserm
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43
123
A critical role for primary cilia in transmitting local cues that drive the region-specific diversification of
#astrocytes
within the developing brain
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115
In this scenario, the cost of publication is covered by an Article Processing Charge (APC) paid at the time of publication. The APC for Nature Neuroscience in 2022 is €9,500/US $11,390/£8,290.
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Functional boundaries in the human
#cerebellum
revealed by having participants perform 26 tasks spanning motor, cognitive, social, and affective domains during
#fMRI
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429
A method to decode unknown variables by finding shapes in neural data shows the existence of a low-dimensional
#manifold
that forms a continuous ring of stable states in mouse head direction neurons
22
173
414
New theory from
@DeepMindAI
showing how learning-to-learn may arise from interactions between prefrontal cortex and the
#dopamine
system
3
214
410
#Oligodendrocytes
and neurons both contribute to Aβ plaque burden in a humanized knock-in
#Alzheimer
's disease model
0
21
83
A review on the roles of
#astrocytes
,
#microglia
, and
#tanycytes
in brain control of systemic metabolism
4
155
327
A new principle for learning in neural networks called ‘prospective configuration’, which is more efficient in learning and consistent with neural and behavior data than backpropagation
1
94
323
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of
#dopamine
neurons from human substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) reveals 10 subtypes, one of which is selectively lost in
#Parkinson
's disease
New from
@tkam80
@abdul_squared
@macosko
and colleagues
6
92
327
A neural network formalization of systems-level
#memory
consolidation that postulates that memories only consolidate when it aids generalization
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310
Synaptic-like transmission between neural axons and arteriolar smooth muscle cells drives cerebral neurovascular coupling (
#NVC
)
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290
A method to generate new neurons in the cortex and dentate gyrus of aged mice with a single injection of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), opening prospects for replacing neurons lost to neurodegenerative disease
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286
Three genetic
#dopamine
subtypes within the substantia nigra pars compacta each have a unique set of responses to rewards, aversive stimuli, and accelerations and decelerations
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279
Diazepam, a widely prescribed
#benzodiazepine
, impairs the structural plasticity of dendritic spines and increases microglial phagocytosis of synaptic material, causing cognitive impairment in mice
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255
Our May issue, commemorating our 25th anniversary, is now live!
Cover art by
@Marina_C_Spence
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A theory of how the brain could implement planning through prefrontal–hippocampal interactions, where hippocampal replays are triggered by—and adaptively affect—prefrontal dynamics.
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Structural MRI data from >45,000 individuals aged 3 to 96 years reveals distinct patterns of apparent brain
#aging
in several disorders
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#Microglia
and
#astrocytes
propagate
#neurodegeneration
by releasing fragmented and dysfunctional
#mitochondria
into the neuronal milieu. Inhibiting pathological fragmentation of glial mitochondria blunts neuroinflammation and increases neuroprotection.
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Combining Hebbian plasticity with a predictive form of plasticity leads to invariant object representations in deep neural network models
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248
The brains of
#COVID
-19 patients have damaged blood vessels (more so-called string vessels representing remnants of lost capillaries); SARS-CoV-2 infects brain endothelial cells and leads to microvascular pathology via RIPK signaling
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243
Development and validation of κLight, δLight, and μLight, a suite of genetically encoded
#opioid
peptide sensors for probing opioid drugs and brain-region/circuit-specific opioid release in behaving animals
@JasonCDong1
@LinTianPhD
0
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A toolbox called
#DeepLabCut
that uses deep learning to track body parts during various behaviors across multiple species can achieve human accuracy
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While Bayesian models provide good accounts of perceptual decisions, it is unclear how their components are represented in the brain. Here, the authors show that uncertainty decoded from visual cortex helps predict behavior.
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Our December issue, featuring our Focus on neuroscience methods, is now live!
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Total social isolation for 10 hours evokes similar midbrain craving responses in human participants as 10 hours of fasting does; new from
@livia_tomova
,
@rebecca_saxe
,
@kaymtye
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Brain clearance is markedly reduced, not increased, during
#sleep
and
#anesthesia
in male mice
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Cell-type-specific retrograde and anterograde tracing of neurotransmitter-specific projections to the ventral tegmental area (
#VTA
) reveals diversity of GABAergic inputs
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A guide to science communication training for doctoral students
@christinamaher_
,
@GylesTrevonn
,
@EricJNestler
& Daniela Schiller
1
100
236
A whole-brain atlas of direct long range inputs to GABAergic
#interneurons
in the medial
#prefrontal
cortex (mPFC) of male mice
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🎉Please join us in congratulating Shari Wiseman (
@sharilwiseman
), who starts as our new Chief Editor today! And, learn more about our full team of outstanding editors here:
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In primates, activity in visual cortex is minimally driven by spontaneous body movements. These results confirm the functional specialization of primate visual processing and contrast with findings in mice.
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Our focus issue on human brain mapping is online now:
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Mouse and human
#decision
-making relies on an interplay among multiple interleaved strategies, which often switch multiple times within a session
New from
@zoe_ashwood
,
@jpillowtime
,
@theiStone
,
@IntlBrainLab
,
@anne_churchland
, and
@pouget_alex
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0
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During moderate tonic locus coeruleus activation in mice, noradrenaline release engages cortical regions related to associative processing, while burst-like stimulation biases the brain toward sensory processing
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Using dimensionality reduction techniques
@mikio_aoi
,
@ValerioMante
, and
@jpillowtime
disentangle the contributions of different task variables to neural population activity.
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The
#psychedelics
LSD and psilocin directly bind to the BDNF receptor, TrkB, and this is required for effects on
#antidepressant
-like behavior in mice
New from
@castren_eero
@RafaelMoliner
@p_casarotto
@UH_Neuro
@HkiBrainMind
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47
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Transplanting wild-type neurons into the brains of
#Alzheimer
's disease model mice shows that
#microglia
contribute to the infiltration of amyloid beta (
#A
β) into the grafts
1
54
208
.
@Franklandlab
and
@sjo09
used optogenetic stimulation to engineer a fully artificial olfactory fear memory in mice
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A normative theory predicting which memories should be accessed at each moment to optimize future decisions
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209
A human
#Alzheimer
's disease (AD) culture model using neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in a 3D microfluidic platform recapitulates key AD features, including beta-amyloid aggregation, phosphorylated tau accumulation, and neuroinflammatory activity
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209
MRI data from 11,354 individuals in the
@uk_biobank
establishes a link between white matter microstructure and functional connectivity;
#GWAS
identified genetic associations of these microstructure–function relationships.
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Trans-Seq combines a fluorescent anterograde trans-synaptic tracer with scRNAseq for post-synaptic circuit discovery from defined pre-synaptic neurons; used here to to map retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types to superior collicular (SC) circuits
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We are deeply saddened to hear of Ben Barres's passing. He will be remembered as a brilliant scientist, a beloved mentor, and a passionate advocate for diversity.
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Mapping neuroanatomical changes in an individual from preconception through
#pregnancy
and 2 years postpartum
@laura_pritschet
@chrastil
@emilyjacobs
@ucsantabarbara
@UCIrvine
@Bowers_WBHI
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Humans (but not macaques) have cortical regions with a strong preference for harmonic tones compared to noise, perhaps due to the human brain's needs for processing speech and music 🎶
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Our June issue, featuring some adorable macrophages, is now live!
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Vagus nerve stimulation recruits the central cholinergic system to enhance auditory perceptual learning beyond the level achieved by training alone
@Froemkelab
@katie_a_martin
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Watch our animation on
#Parkinsons
disease. It focuses on mechanisms whereby neurons become dysfunctional, how pathology develops, and touches on therapeutic strategies. Made with
@NatRevNeurosci
and produced with support from
@Roche
.
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"The Brain ‘Rotates’ Memories to Save Them From New Sensations", coverage of our recent paper in
@WIRED
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Two
#fMRI
studies (N=358) show that cognitive regulation of negative
#emotion
alters activity in the cortex, but not amygdala or other subcortical areas
@Boke89707488
@Pgianaros
@torwager
@DartmouthPBS
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Gray matter volume changes in psychiatric illness occur in highly variable locations across individuals, but these differences often aggregate within common brain systems
New from
@AshleaSegal
@Afornito
@amarquand
et al.
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A tool for unsupervised dimensionality reduction beyond neural subspaces with slice tensor component analysis (sliceTCA)
@heikecstein
@Cognition_ENS
@InfAtEd
@ENS_ULM
@EdinburghUni
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Two new papers on noninvasive brain stimulation in humans:
Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning
@UPHUMMEL_EPFLMW
@MJ_WesselEB
@BeanatoElena
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We are saddened to hear of the passing of Bruce McEwen, a pioneer in stress research. Please enjoy his comprehensive 2015 review on this topic
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#Dopamine
signals shift gradually from time of reward to time of cue, similarly to the progression of temporal difference error in machine learning
New from Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida,
@naoshigeuchida
, and colleagues
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Neurons in the CA1 region of the
#hippocampus
encode events as discrete and transferable units of experience
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Three-photon microscopy for long-term in vivo three-photon imaging of the entire cortical column and subcortical white matter in adult mice reveals region-specific differences in healthy and regenerative
#oligodendrocyte
formation
@EthanHughesLab
et al.
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Cerebellar Purkinje cells directly inhibit neurons in the parabrachial nuclei that in turn influence many forebrain regions. This alternative output pathway could enable the cerebellum to regulate emotions, anxiety, aggression and affect.
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A review from
@DaniSBassett
and Harang Ju on dynamic representations in networked neural systems
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.
@KateWassum
and colleagues show that lateral OFC→BLA projections encode the positive value of a reward, whereas medial OFC→BLA projections retrieve this value from memory: . Also, check out the N&V from Shannon Gourley: .
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Congratulations to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on pain and touch!
BREAKING NEWS:
The 2021
#NobelPrize
in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.”
288
10K
20K
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Physiological stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons does not function as a reward and does not endow cues with a reward representations. But, high frequency stim is represented as a goal that motivates behavior.
@ivybhoang
@MelissaJSharpe
@UsydPsych
@UCLA
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Neuronal synpases onto oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are dynamically assembled and can predetermine myelination patterns through Ca2+ signaling
@Jiaxingli
@fairly_tania
@Czopka_Lab
@MonkLab1
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Hippocampal place codes degraded extensively when mice voluntarily disengaged from a virtual navigation task, suggesting that internal states can gate spatial maps and reorganize hippocampal activity even without sensory and self-motion changes
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After focal CNS injury, local mature
#astrocytes
dedifferentiate, proliferate and become transcriptionally reprogrammed; these wound repair astrocytes are the predominant source of neuroprotective borders that re-establish CNS integrity around lesions
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#Ketamine
-triggered rapid antidepressant-like responses in mice, but not psychomimetic effects, are mediated by the GluN2A NMDAR subunit, not GluN2B.
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The mouse
#cerebellum
directly, rapidly and effectively modulates basal ganglia
#dopamine
levels and conveys information related to movement initiation, vigor and reward processing
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Complete dendrite and axon morphology of nearly 2,000 neurons in mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC)
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Combining brain imaging, genetics, and behavioral data shows that distinct brainwide distributions of
#serotonin
receptors explain the known division of serotonin effects on human impulsivity and aversive processing
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Culturing cerebral
#organoids
in an adapted air-liquid interface system improves neuronal survival and axon outgrowth. These cultures exhibit extracortical projecting tracts that can innervate mouse spinal cord and evoke muscle contraction.
3
92
179
PFC and hippocampus play complementary roles in knowledge generalization: PFC abstracts the common structure among related problems; hippocampus maps this structure onto the current situation
New from
@nikasamborska
@behrenstimb
@WaltonLabNeuro
et al.
0
51
181
If synaptic
#plasticity
is regulated by high-frequency bursts of spikes, then neurons higher in a hierarchical circuit can coordinate the plasticity of lower-level connections to enable learning complex tasks
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Reusable dynamical motifs in artificial neural networks enable flexible recombination of previously learned capabilities, promoting modular, compositional computation and rapid transfer learning
@lndriscoll
@shenoystanford
@SussilloDavid
0
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Single-cell RNA-sequencing (
#scRNA
-seq) across regions of the developing human brain, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum, reveals progenitor heterogeneity and degree of similarity to brain
#organoids
1
51
173
Human stem cell-derived
#microglia
engrafted into mouse brain recapitulate human primary microglia gene expression, and provide a model to study
#Alzheimer
’s and other brain diseases
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Simultaneous recording from over 200 well-isolated cortical single units in human participants using silicon Neuropixels probes, providing a path for studying human cognitive processes and their dysfunction at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution
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