Lachlan McNamee
@LachlanMcNamee
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Academic @MonashUni Find me on Mastodon @LachlanMcNamee @econtwitter .net
Melbourne, Australia
Joined February 2014
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Today is the release date for my first book (Princeton UP)! The book provides an entirely new framework for understanding settler colonialism, ranging from the Assyrians all the way to contemporary China, Indonesia, Australia and Israel/Palestine.
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A tenure-track* job in a large cosmopolitan city with a high salary and low teaching load (1-1) is the academic dream right?
If it's yours and you're a political scientist, please do think about joining us at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia
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The mass layoffs at
@ACU_IHSS
@DIP_ACU
should alarm everyone.
For context: ACU recently lured many of the world's best historians, philosophers and social scientists to Melbourne by promising them amazing conditions only to now summarily fire them all 3 years later
The AHA is dismayed by the proposed cuts to History staff and programs
@ACU_Media
. We express solidarity with our colleagues at the Australian Catholic University, and call on the University to reverse its harmful and damaging proposal. 1/2
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David Lake has just reviewed my book for PSQ
In short: "Settling for Less is an extraordinary first book of the sort to which authors aspire." 🤯
He has many (many) insightful things to say about colonialism and state building in the full thing here!
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In a nutshell, my book shows that decolonization, not imperialism, is the highest form of capitalism (sorry Lenin!). Economic modernization spells the end of empire. For as states are obliged to pay more for settlers, they end up settling for less land.
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🚨life announcement🚨 I'm delighted to be spending next year as a
@MaxWeberProgram
fellow at
@EuropeanUni
in Florence🍕 Then I'll be starting
@UCLA
as an assistant professor. Excited doesn't cover how much I'm looking forward to joining everyone in
@polisciucla
🤙💛💙🤙
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This will be my last month
@polisciucla
. And I just wanted to say thanks, especially to the comparativists there including
@MichaelRoss7
@michael_chwe
@cesicruz
@MigrationNerd
@DanielNPosner
and
@graemedblair
who have been so welcoming over the past two and a half years
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When facing frontier insurgencies, states like China and Indonesia have been quick to abandon vocal rhetorical commitments to “decolonization” and “self-determination” and have instead violently colonized minority lands. All states can be colonizers.
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What past work in this area has generally missed is (i) that settler colonialism is economically *costly* to states, and (ii) the interests of settlers on the ground are not necessarily aligned with the interests of states.
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Think of Israel in the West Bank, Indonesia in West Papua, or China in Xinjiang, all of which are settings where bureaucrats have recruited settlers from dominant ethnic groups to colonize contested frontiers. Why do states do this?
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We all know that Western colonizers displaced indigenous people and settled their lands around the world🌏🌎🌍
But have you ever wondered why ostensibly "anti-colonial" states like Indonesia and China continue to settle frontier areas like West Papua, Tibet, or Xinjiang?
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All these ideas and more can be found in the book and I’m excited that it is finally out in the world.
I'd like to reiterate thanks to all of the folks in the acknowledgements who made it happen🙏
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Officials licensed white settlement at the time not because they wanted to secure more land for agriculture, but because they feared that without legal recognition settlers would go onto found independent republics in “off limit” areas anyway.
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In the book, I show how Australia tried and failed to draw whites to its northern frontiers like Papua New Guinea, how US officials failed to lure whites to the Philippines, and how the Portuguese failed to settle Angola in the 1970s. Rich countries fail at colonization.
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Settler colonialism is costly to states because displacing indigenous people inflames conflict and leads to war. It’s more lucrative for states to simply annex frontier areas and exploit indigenous labor, rather than import an entirely new population into a frontier.
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In the book, I draw on a trove of newly collected migration data to show why states colonize the lands of indigenous people with settlers and why they would stop doing so.
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Colonization continues be a brutally effective tool for state-building today. In my book, I draw on internal data to show how the Chinese and Indonesian states manipulated migration over the 20th century to secure control over contested frontiers like Xinjiang and West Papua.
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Britain and the US initially sought to *limit* mass white settlement. It was only after settlers began moving into frontier areas of their own volition --- in the Ohio Valley in 1783 and in Melbourne in 1835 --- that officials opened up frontier land there for mass homesteading.
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As settler colonialism is so costly as a governing tool, officials generally have to believe that their control over a frontier is threatened. In these situations, states may seek to import a more stereotypically loyal ethnic group into the contested area.
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This perspective has long explained settler colonialism with simple economics. European colonizers wanted more land for agriculture and so eliminated indigenous peoples and settled their lands with white farmers.
But this isn't quite right.
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Why is this book needed? Well, most theories of settler colonialism, departing from Karl Marx or Patrick Wolfe’s “logic of elimination”, focus on North America or Australasia.
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If anyone's job should be on the chopping block right now, it is the top-level staff and the vice chancellor who has been responsible for these poor decisions.
Academics at ACU should be given several years to find new posts and continue their careers at other universities.
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Like settler-led colonization, state-led colonization has happened throughout human history. Indeed, colonization originates in the Latin word “colonus” (or farmer) and was coined to describe the Roman practice of sending farmers to claim newly conquered frontiers
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Israel similarly failed to lure settlers to Gaza in the 1970s and 80s. Israel has primarily succeeded in colonizing areas commutable to Jerusalem.
Developed countries are ineffective colonizers, which forces them to confront seriously indigenous claims to self-determination.
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Each path holds different dangers to states and passively licensing homesteading sometimes emerges as the least-worst outcome for officials.
Settler-led colonization is the result of a conflict of interest between states and settlers. It can’t be explained by state interests.
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thanks!!🙏as background to our paper, there's a common saying in Xinjiang, China: 北汉南维. It means the north of Xinjiang is populated by Han and the south by Uyghurs. How did this weird demographic patterning come about?
Congratulations to
@LachlanMcNamee
and Anna Zhang ()
for winning the Robert O'Keohane award for best article by a junior scholar in
@IntOrgJournal
in 2019! The article is open access until the end of July thanks to
@CUP_PoliSci
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State-led colonization only works though when states can actually incentivize settlers to move. Land has historically been the most valuable immovable asset you could possess. So the promise of “free land” has generally been how states get people to move to contested frontiers.
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When states face the unlicensed movement of farmers into their peripheries, they are faced with a dilemma. Do they protect settlers from attacks by the indigenous population --- leading to war --- or do they side with the indigenous population and try to restrict settlement?
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A new piece I wrote for Aeon
In it, I explore the phenomenon of settler colonialism in non-Western countries.
I ask why no one seems to care about settler colonialism in Indonesia, or China, or Morocco, especially when compared to Israeli settler colonialism in Palestine
Displacing and destroying peoples by colonisation is not just a historical Western evil but a global and contemporary one
@LachlanMcNamee
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So why then do states engage in settler colonialism?
Well, there are two main rationales I explain in the book. The first are cases of what I call “settler-led colonization”.
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But here’s the rub. Agricultural land loses its value as states industrialize and urbanize. So, as states develop, and grow more militarily powerful on many dimensions, states also grow weaker at manipulating migration.
They can no longer lure people to contested frontiers.
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Following Australia’s failure to colonize Papua New Guinea, for instance, it quickly pushed for Papua New Guinea’s independence in 1975. Relatively poor Indonesia, on the other hand, has been able to prevent West Papuan independence by simply flooding Papuan lands with farmers.
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Without settlers at their disposal, developed states have to bargain directly with indigenous peoples demanding rights, which often results in a re-drawing of the boundaries of the state --- whether for Australia in Papua New Guinea, Israel in Gaza, or Portugal in Angola.
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But states aren’t always so passive, right? In many cases, countries actively do eliminate indigenous people and recruit settlers to settle their lands. This practice, what I call “state-led colonization”, is still occurring around the world today.
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On a more positive note though, I'm excited to be moving home to Melbourne and to be joining
@MonashUni
in January. Thanks to everyone there who helped make that happen, especially
@KateLeeKoo
@MSegrave
and Robert Thomson
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The administration has made a series of bizarre financial decisions like spending $250 million dollars on a new building which just opened this year. I've never seen a university building like it. They are now shocked that there is a budget crunch.
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We've been approved for 5 new lines across all levels and subfields, though there is a rough aim of 4 lecturers (~Assistant Prof) and 1 full Professor. It is helpful though not essential if you can teach IR and/or public policy
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🌐My article "Indirect colonial rule and the salience of ethnicity" just came out
@WorldDevJournal
🌐 In the article I try to make sense of why ethnicity is so salient in parts of in sub-Saharan Africa. THREAD
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My paper "Indonesian Settler Colonialism in
#WestPapua
" is available here please tune in on Tuesday!
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1/6: Excited this is published! In this paper I show that the Rwandan state resettled hundreds of thousands of Hutus to frontier and Tutsi-dominated areas to defend against invasions by Tutsi militias in the 60s and early 70s.
New on
#FirstView
! Mass Resettlement and Political Violence: Evidence From Rwanda by
@LachlanMcNamee
#APSA2018
#APSA18
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Do you want to spend time at the European University Institute in Fiesole, Italy in 2025? (obviously, yes)
Are you based at an Australian university as a PhD, postdoc, or faculty?
If so, learn more about our amazing (and scandalously under-applied to) research fellowships!
Applications open for research fellowships at the European University Institute (
@EUI_EU
) for PhD students ($8000), postdocs ($14000) and staff ($3000) based at Australian universities. Visit the AEUIFAI website for details, deadline and application links:
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@JohnHolbein1
@RevEconStud
@mattinglee
's paper in CPS in 2015 used the same RDD design to show the same positive long-run economic effects with respect to the Japanese Empire in China. A case of economists not citing back?
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@johnwgunnison
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
it's an unfinished hotel in southern Xinjiang. my book details how the Chinese state has been trying (and failing) to get Han Chinese to move there since the early 1990s
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I'll be continuing my work from the other side of the Pacific ocean, and no doubt occasionally battling some unkind time differences over Zoom!
For all my friends and colleagues, do let me know if you're ever passing through Melbourne🌏🦘🇦🇺☺️
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It was a lot of fun chatting to Alvita Akiboh (
@yale_history
) about her book "Imperial Material", a history of national symbols in America's overseas territories from
@UChicagoPress
. Available to listen now on Spotify and the New Books Network website
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*Caveat. Tenure doesn't exist outside the US. A continuing position means you are permanently employed unless the university has a crisis. This does happen at small, financially unstable universities but not really at the big, internationally reputable ones like Monash
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Like many people, the pandemic made me reprioritise things a little bit, as it hasn't been the easiest time to try to straddle life between Australia and America. I'm sorry not to be at UCLA longer, which was and remains an amazing place to work
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I address all of these big, contentious questions in a forthcoming book with Princeton University Press.
This Broadstreet Blog post is an excerpt from that book and provides some answers!
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Rings true. I remember thinking wtf way too much in econ in undergrad, like the awful "Battle of the sexes" co-ordination game over opera vs. football or "signalling game" showing you're strong or weak by ordering beer or quiche. I like quiche and opera, what does that make me?🤔
Economics undergraduate students are more gender-biased than those in other fields. The gap becomes larger with increased exposure to economics training, especially for male students, from Valentina A. Paredes,
@DanielePaserman
, and
@franciscopino
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the day turned out to be a political-geological cataclysm, but I would be remiss not to thank
@cesicruz
@MigrationNerd
@DanielNPosner
@SKalyvas
Michael Chwe
@ClaireAdida
@MichaelRoss7
@s_p_newman
Anthony Pagden and Dan treisman for the very best morning
Super excited for
@LachlanMcNamee
's book conference (held virtually at
@UCLA
, so I hope the west-coast-casual dress code still applies! 🤣). The baller book cover is just a teaser for a sweeping and ambitious manuscript that's been a real pleasure to read!
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On the other hand, isn't it odd that Western settler states like Australia and the United States suddenly ceased colonizing frontier lands in the early 20th century? What changed?
And why is Israel is the only Western state that continues to settle contested frontiers today?
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Teaching load is low, benefits/salary is generous, your position is secure, and you'll have a lot of time to write and research while living in one of the nicest major cities in the world
it's also much easier as a skilled migrant to get permanent residency here than in the US
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thanks for the shout out! 😁
Introducing
@LachlanMcNamee
, a queer political science PhD candidate at
@Stanford
. 🏳️🌈
His website is and his job market paper is here: .
#AcademicTwitter
1/
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@jchristodouleas
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
yes, I agree --- in the book I stress that state-led colonization is usually not motivated by economics. in fact it's generally anti-economic to use settlers to secure control over remote, poor areas and so doing so is usually motivated by some kind of imperialist ideology.
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Settling for Less is “fascinating…fascinating…fascinating…fascinating…fascinating” -
@Wbrehm
☺️ thanks for having me on your podcast
It's a bit embarrassing, but I used the word "fascinating" 7 times in this 30 minute interview with
@LachlanMcNamee
about his book on colonisation. The thing is, the book really is fascinating! Made me see colonisation in a whole new way. Transcript 👇
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@ananthr909
there is abundant historical evidence that states annex territory for status, ideological or geopolitical reasons, not always economic reasons. Colonization and imperialism is more complicated than "it's capitalism"
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We're keen to cast a wide net and get applicants from around the world. If you're interested in hearing more about Australian academia or Monash, please do send me a DM or email.
It is quite different to the US or UK, with advantages and disadvantages and I'll be candid
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Wow, can someone be proud of their advisor? In any case, I'm
proud of David today 🙏
We are delighted to announce that David D. Laitin
@StanfordPoliSci
is awarded the 2021 Johan Skytte Prize. Professor Laitin wins the prize for his “original and objective explanation of how politics shapes cultural strategies in heterogeneous societies.”
#PoliSciTwitter
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@DamnGras
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
thanks, yeah though I tend to focus on the "other side" of that border I I discuss Russia and its state-led colonization policies a fair bit! There are a lot of similarities to China's forced migration policies under Mao.
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@DamnGras
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
Communist countries are mainly different in the sense that they don't have to worry about settlers not complying, so much.
Since the end of communism, Russia has had a lot more difficulty getting ppl to move to the Far East, as has China in its west
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For anyone on the crazy competitive junior market, though, this opportunity is a no-brainer - if you're willing to move to Melbourne, you should definitely apply
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@aspaglayan
my favourite has been a econ paper that "advances a nascent literature on the political economy of nationalism". pretty much the oldest and most established field of study in political science and sociology lol
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Similarly, prominent Western leftists today like Prashad, Sachs, or Chomsky are so concerned with what they see as the fundamental evil of the world — American imperialism — that they ignore, deflect, or justify atrocities committed by countries aligned against the United States
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@DamnGras
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
both China and Russia responded to the Sino-Soviet split in 1959 by quickly sending Russians and Han to the borderlands. It's an ironic twist of history. Stalin actually advised Mao to send Han to Xinjiang when he handed it over in the early 1950s
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@nikolas_orr
Thanks a lot! Excited to know what you think. Yes, the viral thing was a big surprise, turns out there are a lot of Leninists out there
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I’m glad this appalling decision to hire and fire 40 world-leading academics in several years is getting media coverage
Universities should not be run like start-ups
@SatPaper
@theage
@GuardianAus
Australian Catholic University condemned over ‘totally indefensible’ cuts to humanities programs
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It's all too easy to criticise Du Bois with the benefit of hindsight, of course.
But if we fail to learn from his mistakes in Manchuria, we will keep repeating them in Xinjiang, West Papua, Kashmir, Western Sahara, and so on.
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@PurePapua
@ronnykareni
Yeah I find a lot of support for these claims from government data on transmigration! Transmigration was used to secure control over the PNG border and the Grasberg gold mine. The paper is here
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was just waiting for this to be picked up by the economist 😂 congrats
@salma_mousa_
@a_alrababah
@wpmarble
@aasiegel
!
Mo Salah’s goals help to tackle Islamophobia in Liverpool
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Du Bois's mistakes in the 1930s, in other words, shed light on the errors made by Western thinkers today who are ostensibly anti-colonial and anti-imperial but who end up doing the same state-sponsored work of downplaying atrocities in the Global South.
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For anyone interested in the book, the link is here and the paperback is 30% off with the code P321.
I'll be chatting about it in a few weeks at APSA with
@TomPepinsky
@onglynette
@laiabalcells
and Andreas Wimmer
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Du Bois essentially disregarded Chinese complaints about Japanese imperialism and settler colonialism in north-east Asia because he saw the conflict between China and Japan as a distraction from the much more fundamental global division between white and non-white peoples.
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@MiguelACruzDaz1
@mimoyd1
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
thanks! I'd say it's a definitional thing. we can call Puerto Rico a colony given its subordinate legal status and lack of self-determination, but to call it a settler colony risks conceptual stretching. PR has had net outward migration for most of the last century
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So do think about joining us and applying! The application is due in a month.
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correct question
If we do not protest when a million people are detained without trial, when will we speak out?
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One of the key takeaways is that we should be careful about using ethnic demography as a predictor for conflict. Both ethnic composition and the existence of partitioned ethnic groups (e.g. Russians in China, vice versa) is the product of past conflict and nonnatural borders
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🇳🇦Personally, I wrote this after doing fieldwork in Namibia in my first year of grad school. It's been a long road to get this published and I learnt a lot about the process along the way! So happy to see this in print at last! 🇳🇦
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@jchristodouleas
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
Israeli Zionists aside, most settlers are economically motivated and won't move to a frontier if they can get better jobs in the city
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finally someone said it
Sorry America will never be great until they close the door gaps in their bathroom stalls and lower the toilet water level
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and...they played ABBA 🤣
The Roman Theatre of
#Fiesole
is once again the unique setting of the welcome reception for all new
#EUI
Researchers & Fellows.
#Benvenuti
!
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@MiguelACruzDaz1
@mimoyd1
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
it's a pretty different situation to the settings I look at like West Papua or Xinjiang where the state is actively trying to get people to move there with free land and there's been huge inward migration. hope that clarifies where I'm coming from!
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The paper is free to read for the next month. If you're interested in China, Russia, ethnic cleansing, settler colonialism, Xinjiang, or the politics of demographic change, give it a look! 😊
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There are a ton of different reviews but none that are transparent.
It seems faculty are seeking to 'manage' the investigation and shield blame rather than genuinely engage with victims and share info.
Not good enough.
#timesupHarvard
#Dominguez1year
#ExternalReviewNow
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In the essay, I explore why W.E.B. Du Bois visited Manchuria in 1936, and why he reported that what Japan was accomplishing was "nothing less than marvellous".
This was the same Japan that set up a puppet state and settled hundreds of thousands of its own people in Manchuria.
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I argue that Du Bois's defense of Japanese policies in Manchuria highlight how even the most otherwise insightful political observers can totally misjudge racial and power dynamics in "colored nations."
It was perhaps the greatest misjudgement of Du Bois' career.
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@JonPiccini
That's ok, it might surprise but I'm also on teamcontext. Throughout the intro I draw on historians to complicate ahistorical theories dominant in post-colonial theory, and stress the need to trace historical events and colonization projects as they actually unfolded at the time
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It's a great book! Have a listen if you're interested in how 20th century indigenous thinkers have provided a model of liberation that goes beyond everyone just getting their own nation-state, the limits of which are pretty evident right now
I was interviewed about my book, Remapping Sovereignty, on New Books Network. Thanks to Lachlan McNamee for the opportunity and the fantastic questions.
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😍welcome home!
On the eve of a momentous election, I hope you don't mind if I share some family news: we're moving back home, where I'll be making my virtual debut as a
@UCLA
Bruin next term (Coming soon to a Zoom
@polisciucla
department meeting near you! 😊)
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@jchristodouleas
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
the question we should ask is then, when are states *able* to use settlers in their imperial projects? states like Australia, US, Portugal etc. abandoned their imperial projects when settler colonialism became too expensive and difficult
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@asfandyarmir
@splalwani
@J0HNST0N
@laiabalcells
@pstanpolitics
@ahsanib
@AtziliBoaz
@NiloSiddiqui
@walterladwig
@esdebruin
🙇♂️ for the shout out! and the edited volume by Haklai and Loizides on settlers and territorial conflict is a good place to start too
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The strange phenomenon of Western leftists ignoring or even defending atrocities against minorities in the Global South isn't really a new phenomenon.
W.E.B. Du Bois, for instance, was a surprisingly staunch defender of Japanese imperialism in northeast Asia in the 1930s
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@KuipersNicholas
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
Ah thanks, you might find all the data on transmigration and ethnic cleansing in West Papua especially interesting!
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2) Ethnicity in sub-Saharan Africa isn't just salient because of clientelism. In much of rural SSA ethnicity legally structures scarce resources. This is much closer to how the salience of race has historically been understood in the Americas!
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@EricTSchluessel
@BitabarAssel
@PrincetonUPress
@polisciucla
@MonashPolsIR
@MonashUni
@UCLA
@MigCitizenAPSA
@IntOrgJournal
thanks! yes it's central
China's failure to get large #'s of Han/bingtuan to settle in southern Xinjiang since the 1990s isn't so well understood and is the focus of of ch.6. This failure to "rectify" demography was a big part of the shift to forced assimilation/genocide in 2017
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As he would later explain: “It is not that I sympathize with China less but that I hate European and American propaganda, theft, and insult more".
Japan needed Manchuria's resources to defend itself, and also look at all the economic development and "happy" people there.
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6/6: More broadly, this paper fits into my dissertation/book project examining the conditions under which states coercively homogenize frontier areas through mass resettlement.
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Two year postdoc in Florence? 😯 Yeah, it's a thing 👍
The Call for 2020-2021
#MWFellowship
@EuropeanUni
@MaxWeberProgram
is now open! Have a look about the Fellowship's offer and apply!
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Of course cross-country associations have issues. But I then show that this relationship also holds within the country of Namibia, which was divided into indirectly and directly ruled areas after an epidemic in the late 1890s.
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Many thanks
@LSE_LACC
,
@diazcayeros
and others for organizing a fantastic conference! great food for🤔
In the panel on ethnic identity
@LachlanMcNamee
racial identification in the Americas is determined by the construction of national discourses regarding mestizaje or dichotomies black/white identification
@LSE_LACC
- here a test in the discontinuity Paraguay Argentina border
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