Phoenix_jz
@phoenix_jz
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Studying Naval Warfare & Economics from the late 19th century to today.
Joined July 2016
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🧵(1/14) I don't like going after articles like this, but there are fairly substantial errors in this Telegraph article and I feel obliged to throw out some corrections.
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Well, we're in 2024 now, so it's once again time for me to post my graph of the world's top ten navies, by aggregate displacement. See the linked reddit thread for the full comments on each navy, and an explainer of the concept behind the graph.
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🧵1/9 Because I am the type of person to count all of this up on a rainy day - this is the firepower of the surface combatants the USN has brought to the theater (not including carrier air wings), versus the eight largest NATO navies in Europe & the Mediterranean.
The USN has on short notice deployed into the Med double the VLS capacity all the local Euro navies have at their disposal combined.
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🧵Time for an overdue thread on the MM 🇮🇹 DDX, now that we have a new rendering from a must-read article by Michele Cosentino in RID 01/2024. It is substantially different from the past renderings we've had for the design, though many of the features are ofc the same. (1/12)
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Also worth noting they felt they needed to throw an entire division (2-3 regiments) of bombers (~100 Tu-22M & Tu-16) totalling ~70-80 missiles (Kh-22) to stand a chance of getting those hits. *Per* carrier.
This is prior to Aegis's introduction.
Pretty amazing figure. Soviets thought you’d need to hit US carriers with a dozen missiles to kill them.
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USS Mason versus Houthi missile attacks, 2016-2023, colorized.
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Also worth noting that one of these ships has a very potent electronic attack capability, and the other has very little.
As the Royal Navy retired it's last onboard EA system (Type 675) circa 2000 without replacement.
Now, that's not to say that RN ships have no means to...
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🧵Time for another thread on upcoming MM 🇮🇹 ships - this time the FREMM-EVO. As with the DDX render, the image is taken from Cosentino's article "Marina Militare, Proiezione 2035" in RID 01/2024. (1/10)
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🧵I have to say, I was very disappointed by the Zumwalt section of Perun's latest video. Swing and a very wide miss by overly focusing on the AGS to the exclusion of other factors and completely missing the changes in expected threats of the era. (1/11)
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Updated version of my 'Top 10 Largest Navies' graph is now up on reddit - see the thread linked here for full comments:
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Mini-🧵
1/5 Advocating for arm-launched SAMs in 2023... is certainly a take. Rose-tinted glasses, perhaps? RAS at sea for Mk.26 wasn't easy, and was supposed to be easier with Mk.41 VLS until it wasn't, which is why it was dropped. Sticking with VLS remains flatly superior...
This is one of the reasons I believe the USN's Constellation class FFG is as obsolete as the LCS before it hit the water.
It lacks enough VLS cells for the missile threat and enough 30mm(+) autocannons for the drone threat.
Drones means 2x57mm,
USN Command Culture 🧵
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[In Danny DeVito's voice];
"Whoa, whoops! Oh! I dropped my monster [graph], that I use for my [generalist comparison of navy sizes]!"
The Indonesian Navy (
@_TNIAL_
) is in 4th position on the Global Naval Powers Ranking (2023) list released by the World Directory of Modern Military Warships (WDMMW).
#SEAtoday
#SEAtodayNews
#Jakarta
#Indonesia
#jalesvevajayamahe
#IndonesianNavy
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So with the contract finally signed for these, we have new official renders. Biggest change is the 127/64LW forward is gone, replaced by a 76/62 Strales. Unexpected, but not unwelcome - that does enhanced inner-layer air defense, after all. With that said, I will still... (1/3)
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(2/14) First of all - rather than the first of a new class of corvette, the vessel is a new experimental platform. Corvette construction has not restarted since the last 056A was launched in 2019.
Article on this here;
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Posting for no other reason than this is just a cool shot. ASW Frigate Carabiniere (F 593) firing both her 76/62's during a NGFS evolution during Mare Aperto 24-1.
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So it would appear the new LHD Trieste had a chance to meet up with Cavour during her transfer back to La Spezia from her recent drydocking.
I don't think Trieste will win a contest of looks, but the increase in useable flight deck (from 6,800 mq to 7,400 mq) seems evident.
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(3/14) This vessel was also hardly built in a year. We know it started assembly in the summer of 2023, and was likely launched in November. But ship modern ship construction starts well before assembly in dock happens, which is why we more often measure from first steel cut...
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I think it's odd to say that no one has tried to address this?
We must remember SSN orders in the US slowed to a point in the 90s-00s where two yards were sharing one boat a year or less, culling the supply chains behind them. Everything since then has been about recovery. (1/8)
What the Navy and pentagon are saying is that submarine construction is 33.33 years behind schedule and have been behind schedule on the construction of submarines since 1991. This has been a problem for 33 years you would think they would have addressed this over the course of
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Short 🧵(1/5)
I hate to be that guy, but I can't help but note that if we assume all of these were engaged with SAMs - if this was frigate Languedoc (D563) having to defend against this attack, she would not have had enough interceptors to down them all (She has 13 left atm).
In the early morning hours of December 16 (Sanna time) the US Arliegh Burke-class guided missile destroyer USS CARNEY (DDG 64), operating in the Red Sea, successfully engaged 14 unmanned aerial systems launched as a drone wave from Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen. The UAS were
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Peak Cruiser? A bold claim for someone in range of a true Helicopter Guided Missile Cruiser!
- 1x Mk.10 TAL w/ RIM-2E/F Terrier
- 8x 76/62 Allargato
- 6x 324mm TT (Mk.46)
- 6x ASH-3D Sea King
- C2, SADOC 1
- Don't ask what's FFBNW amidships :p
Vittorio Veneto (C 550), c.1970s;
You may not like it, but this is peak cruiser!
- 2 x 6-inch guns
- 2 x 3-inch guns
- 2 x Sea Cat launchers
- 4 x Sea King helicopters
- Command and control facilities
- Belt armour
HMS Tiger, sometime in the 70s. An odd but very interesting ship!
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Forget Nelson. Could you imagine Jackie Fisher with a Twitter account?
It would probably be a PR nightmare, but it would certainly be *tremendous* content.
Certainly he was prolific with memorable telegrams, to friends and enemies.
Nelson would have been all over Twitter. Our armed services need to engage online...
RN is trailing feebly in the USN's wake when it comes to promoting itself and messaging for recruitment - particularly where it is delivering in action in the Red Sea.
Spot on from
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(4/14) ...rather than when the 'keel' is laid. We do not have this information for most Chinese ships, and this period of time can be *very* variable depending on slip/dock space availability, and how early module assembly starts. Ex, many of the Italian FREMM have taken...
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Some of you may have believed we were now declared safe from 'German frigate weekend'... but it seems that we haven't escaped yet. Just, this time it's the Italians and their destroyers.
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(4/14) ... only about 4-6 months to be laid down from first steel being cut, but their derivative FFG-62 took 19 months to hit the same milestone because FMM's build halls are clogged with the MMSC for the Saudi Navy at present. From what little data is available, Type 056A...
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(14/14) If you want to look at PLAN expansion, these are the categories you should be focusing on, not the low-end items that have already largely completed their modernization cycles. They make for less dramatic numbers, certainly - but more substantial increases in capability.
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And if anyone's wondering why the reference to the 16" shell - carrying 32 Tomahawk each meant that the Iowa-class BBs were actually the main carrier of surface-based TLAM in the USN until the late 1980s. CGs & DDs with ABL's totaled just 12, and carried only 8 missiles each.
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🧵(1/16)
Well I suppose this is a good excuse as any to post this.
Missile launch systems of the 16 largest navies (by displacement) on 1-Jan-24, *not* including submarines - surface ships only (and not including PD-only SAMs). This is a thread because some explanation is needed.
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>"Atlantic Convoys"
Ladies and Gents, go grab your bell-bottom jeans. We're back to the 1970s naval strategy and misinterpretations of Soviet intentions!
The 🇺🇸US Navy’s lack of frigates means no Atlantic convoys in the event of war.
The decision to build useless Littoral Combat Ships instead of frigates was a disaster. Labour shortage in US Shipyards means new Constellation class frigates will be further delayed.
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(5/14) ... probably took about a year from construction start to launch. Average time from launch to entry into service was 16 months, which to be blunt is completely unremarkable for a 1,500-ton corvette. The new experimental ship is larger (~2,500t?) and may or may not...
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(6/14) ... take as long to enter service, since it is likely not a combatant.
Comparing the construction of such a vessels to the considerably larger and more complex vessels like the LCS doesn't really make much sense, let alone high-end ASW frigates like the FFG-62 or Type 26.
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🧵
I've been sitting on some thoughts about this recently seen render, since we've only had one angle on it - but since it's showing up on twitter now anyways, I may as well. Two things stand out to me that are interesting. (1/8)
1st pic is very latest DDX CGI used by Fincantieri to brief italian Parliament's defence commission on incoming programs. It's unfortunately low quality, but overall configuration seems not to have changed. Possibly, but hard to say for sure, new CGI confirms space for 96 cells.
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🧵This is the part where I beg Naval Group and MBDA to figure out a larger VLS that can quad-pack a cheaper short-range SAM. Aster 15 made sense in the context in which was developed, but that was before we had quad-packing short-range SAMs like ESS. (1/8)
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(7/14) With that said, I'm not sure where the author is taking these timelines from. FFG-62 had first steel cut in '22, was laid down in '24, and is expected to deliver in the period 2026-29, having already run trials. That is seven years from first steel cut to delivery...
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(13/14) ...infinite, and naval construction has been very clearly been increasingly oriented towards blue-water combatants - more Type 052D & 055 DDGs, a new generation of frigate, the carrier & LHD programs - and a new wave of SSN & SSBN construction.
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(11/14) Fundamentally, I do not see argument of 'more corvettes are being built for more mass' really holding much weight. When the PLAN builds for bulk, they really build in bulk. When the first 056's started launching, they launched *eight* ships in that first year (2012).
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@StrategicTrends
If you hate gun based CIWS, you simply haven't been using the right gun based CIWS :p
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(8/14) ...at the long end of estimates, not keel laying to start of sea trials. The first Type 26 is expected to start sea trials in 2026 with delivery in the same year. IOC will be achieved in October 28. First steel was cut on this ship way back in July 2017 (7 years ago!).
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(9/14) This is also confusing. Corvettes did not appear in PLAN force structure out of the blue - they were replacing a swath of submarine chasers/missile/gun vessels craft that used to fill the same roles - the >130 Type 037's and Type 062's in service back in 2012.
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... defend themselves with EW. An AESA radar can engage in EA, and since 2004 the RN has used the Mk.251 Siren offboard decoy, which is used to attack RF seekers (X-Ku bands) on AShMs. But, suffice to say most navies have stuck with on-board EA systems, and with good reason. 2/2
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Perhaps just due to an over-reliance on CRS reports and lack of familiarity with the program, Perun seems to miss the fact that Zumwalt was meant to replace the Spruance-class DDs in the ASW and Land Attack roles. Perun largely ignores the ASW role in his video, which... (2/11)
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(10/14) The 50x Type 056A in service with the PLAN can do the same tasks to a far superior degree, while also having greater endurance and lesser manning costs due to the reduced hull count. 056A allows greater overall coverage within the 1IC, which ties down less fleet escorts.
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(12/14) That is fairly clearly not happening here, or else we should not have had what is now a five year long vacation from corvette construction. The new vessel is a test platform, and corvette requirements likely have been satisfied for now. The PLAN's resources are not...
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It's worth underlining this - comments from Italian and French frigate crews over the last decade have made it clear that the whole 'Kilo's are black holes of the sea' thing is utter horseshit.
Though it also speaks to the skills of these crews and the quality of their equipment.
Navy day in Italy and got to get on board of this beauty. Crew got chatty and was very proud of their world class Anti Submarine perf. told of how they got to track for 3 months a Russian sub without ever losing contact for all its time in the med. Kicked it back in the Black Sea
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The Marina Militare taking part in RIMPAC 2024 is huge news.
Especially if the participation is via Cavour's CSG.
Between this, Trieste finally entering service, and Cavour reaching IOC with the F-35B, 2024 promises to be a very exciting year for the MMI.
Italy plans to deploy forces for the first time to partake directly at RIMPAC 2024 and contemplates a carrier deployment to the Indo-Pacific 🇮🇹
Read the story by
@Aaron_MatthewIL
🔗👇
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I am an Aster Appreciator, but in this house we do STAN the Standard Missile family.
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Mini-🧵
(1/9) It is certainly a cheaper solution, and the reduced weight makes it easier to place higher on the ship for a longer radar horizon. Though, these are trade-offs with performance overall and it's not for nothing that navies have been shifting to fixed-face set ups.
Snipped from Leonardo brochure for Kronos Grand Naval. Think about this a lot. Full-capability multi-face array fits aren't affordable in numbers for smaller navies. AMDR is what, 250mil a shipset? "Make it spin" and having more single-face radars in the fleet might be better?
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...only a handful of the most expensive rounds procured.
Overall, there is just so much missing context in the video that it unfortunately turns into misinformation. Which is a shame, because it's Perun, who is usually pretty reliable when it comes to procurement.
Fin.
(11/11)
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This thread is hilarious because in it the author simultaneously tries to argue that any navy is seriously planning on expending $3M missiles like LRASM against $200k USV's (i.e. a Kamikaze USV), and they should instead use their $300k missile.
Which is highway robbery. (1/2)
Ares Industries, which builds cruise missiles, launched today out of YC’s current batch.
This is YC's first weapons company, and this is an actual photo of their missile.
Here is the story of Ares Industries and why we funded them. (1/10)
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... is a staggering omission given this drove so many - arguably most - of the decisions made in the design of the ships. Likewise, the strike mission was primarily met by the 80 VLS cells, not the 155mm AGS - much as on the Sprucans, and before the Sprucans... (3/11)
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3/9 I also thought it would be useful to break down launching systems in the force and by navy, which is shown here.
The USN has twice as many strike-length cells as the other navies combined - and only the French ships actually use those cells for strike-length payloads.
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...received VLS, the fact that the Iowa's main role was to cart around Tomahawk and Harpoon, not shoot things with their guns - see here (4/11);
And if anyone's wondering why the reference to the 16" shell - carrying 32 Tomahawk each meant that the Iowa-class BBs were actually the main carrier of surface-based TLAM in the USN until the late 1980s. CGs & DDs with ABL's totaled just 12, and carried only 8 missiles each.
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...apparent that the major future threat would not be a littoral and subsurface one, but an air and missile defense one, from the PLA. The immediate answer to this was to switch to Burke production and develop what became the DDG-51 Flt III's. (6/11)
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9/9 Even where many European ships can adequately defend themselves, they simply lack the staying power to remain relevant as offensive platforms or escorts in a fight beyond a handful of engagements when faced with near-peer or peer opposition.
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Which, IMO, also reflects a general issue in the Red Sea at the moment - the threat will not diminish unless you start degrading the means by which the Houthi's target and engage ships - so if we are to defend only, we will need more escorts to be present. (4/5)
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8/9 With that said - if I may get on my soapbox, this is the part where I loudly complain about the absence of a true universal VLS in Europe that can accommodate European cruise missiles and medium-range SAMs, as well as multi-packs of the numerous European short-range SAMs!
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First thing to note is the new dimensions of the design. 197 m (oa) with a 24 meter beam, and a displacement of 12,500t - somewhat more moderate than the 13,500t previously speculated by RID. This is partially reflected by the lower VLS count, which is now 80 cells. (2/12).
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🧵(1/11) This is a bit of an odd article based on a greatly mistaken presence.
Aster 15 has nothing to do with SAMP/T and Aster 15 EC is not meant for SAMP/T NG, full stop. Aster 15 EC is about adding the same software and seeker enhancements of Aster 30B1NT to Aster 15...
“We can well imagine, in these conditions, the lack of enthusiasm of the Germans and the lobbying of the Americans to prevent the arrival of France and Italy, and in particular the SAMP/T and the Aster, within the ESSI programme”.
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There are two silos for VLS, all strike-length sized. The forward silo contains 48 tac-length cells (Sylver A50), and the amidships silo holds 32x strike-length Sylver A70. The design still carries eight canister-launched Teseo Mk.2 EVO anti-ship missiles. (3/12).
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The large/medium gun armament is the same as in the past - 1x 127/64LW and 3x 76/62 Sovraponte, but now features 3x 30mm RWS. These will interface with a specialized sensor suite on the forward superstructure for enhanced protection against unmanned threats. (4/12)
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2/9 The metric 'Battle Force Missiles' I took from this article (), since this effectively defines the striking and escort power of a force, rather than overall missile count. I did not include CIWS-type SAMs like RAM or Mistral within the SR-SAM category.
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The ships were supposed to carry 300 LRBP and 35 LRLAP per gun, before LRBP was cancelled entirely. Even as someone who thinks that AGS was a boondoggle, I think it has to be said that the system could have been affordable had it not been cut to two guns and left with... (10/11)
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One of the biggest reasons the USN ditched the Zumwalts in favor of more Burkes, aside from the very real cost rises, was the recognition that the era of the 'DD' was over, and the USN did not need Sprucan replacements. By the latter half of the 2000s it was becoming... (5/11)
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And if we do focus on AGS itself - which was less central to the origins of the design and more something congress insisted on - we have to note that the gun system only became unaffordable after almost everything of scale behind the system was cut. (7/11)
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@AZ30333
Yes, it's very outdated. It pre-dates the introduction of Aegis, most of the current SAMs in the USN's arsenal, and also reflects a striking power the USSR could field - but Russia is not the USSR, and their ability to field large and complex strikes like this is vastly less.
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Her air defense system (SAAM) was designed enable her to survive 1-2 salvos of P-800 appearing without warning - a very high end threat, and leagues better than the Crotale and Mistral equipped ships that preceded her in the ASW role. (2/5)
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$300k is *twice* the cost of a Hellfire.
Which, you can use against a $200k USV.
Or you can use ship mounted stabilized 25mm to 127mm guns, which have vastly lower cost per engagement. Hell, even guided 57-76mm shells cost an order of magnitude less. (2/2)
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At this point in time, Orizzonte Sistemi Navali is wrapping up pre-feasibility and risk reduction work, which should complete in the first half of the year, with the contract arriving by next year. Delivery of the first unit is still set for 2029. (12/12)
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...unit cost spiked to $476k, and then later $800k to $1M with even less rounds bought for the two ships. It should also be noted that LRLAP was *NOT* intended as the main round for the AGS. LRBP was, which was a much cheaper unguided round with a 25% of the range (24 NM). (9/11)
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Me hopping into my time machine to go tell the Matra-BAe Dynamics design team how well their SCALP land-attack cruise missiles worked at sinking a Kilo-class submarine and Ropucha-class LST when launched from the Su-24M.
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@UselesPoliszguy
Not all bombers carried missiles (some aircraft were specialized recce to fix carriers or do post-strike damage assessment), plus dedicated ECM aircraft. On top of this, MRA crews preferred carrying one Kh-22 to the maximum three to maximize speed and range.
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Now I'm not saying it would be funny if the Houthi became the second entity without a navy to sink a Slava-class cruiser.
*But*...
Slava class cruiser Varyag and Udaloy class frigate Marshal Shaposhinikov passed the Bab el Mandeb Strait and entered the Red Sea.
Both vessels could now be heading to the Mediterranean.
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DDX will also have the full ASW capability, as a multirole DDG (unlike the Horizon-class). The ship will feature a hull-mounted sonar, variable depth sonar, and, in addition to the helicopter, two triple launchers for the MU-90 lightweight torpedo. (9/12)
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2/5 ... and the USN is already working on solutions to that effect.
Beyond that - this ship has 32x Mk.41 (which can quad-pack ESSM) on top of mounting RAM, a Mk.110, and potent EA capabilities. For a frigate, it's very well armed, and anything heavier is DDG territory.
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But to get back to the point of the thread - this is yet another example of the need to have greater magazine depth on even non-AAW oriented escorts, and the ability to vary payload to include a greater number of cheaper multi-pack missiles, if the situation calls for it. (5/5)
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As we can clearly see here, there are K-DBR panels on the aft superstructure, and they are now disposed to cover each quarter, rather than being directly on each cardinal axis. We can also see a gun director here - this render features four total, one per gun system. (6/12)
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4/5 Those cheap enough to 'swarm' are generally not the types with the ability to easily find ships at sea, and usually not that hard to defeat via seduction or jamming - nevermind hardkill methods. They're cheap for a reason, and engaging a frigate is a whole different kettle...
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Which is all well and good, but in this current environment the role isn't hunting submarines and being equipped to endure a salvo or two of high-end return fire - here it's just dealing with many low-end threats without being able to shoot the archer. (3/5)
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3/5 I think we need to keep in mind that the types of drones that can actually find ships at sea (like a MALE) are larger and expensive types worth engaging with SM-2 before they can launch seriously payloads, and are pretty vulnerable to interception by SAMs or aircraft.
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... express my disappointment these ships are still being built FFBNW strike length cells, given projected delivery dates (2029-30). The FC/ASW's LACM should be available by then, or an interim solution. Unless they're waiting for a new VLS, I don't quite get the logic...? (2/3)
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5/5 ...of fish to most types of ground targets. AShMs remain the favored method to attack ships for a reason. UAVs and USVs take over only when there is no other option, and they're generally quite suboptimal at the task (as seen in in the Russo-Ukrainian War).
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The portside hangar is sized to enable the maintenance of the embarked helicopters, while starboard is shelter only. The flight deck itself is sized and strengthened to enable the landing of CH-47 Chinooks or V-22 Osprey, similar to the British Type 45 DDG & Type 26 FFG. (8/12)
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@GravitysRa1nbow
@ElbridgeColby
So by this chain of logic, if we start giving F-35A's Ukrainian markings...
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Such directors (presumably NA-30S Mk.2) were notably absent on the earlier renders, where it appeared all GFC would be handled by Kronos Starfire. Since we are looking at the helicopter facilities here, it's worth noting the hangar is sized for 2x AW101. (7/12)
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While cost estimates of the 100 NM ranged LRLAP when produced at scale were overly optimistic ($35k), ~$50-75k estimates were reasonable, when procured across a significant number of ships, each with two gun systems. It was not until they cut the buy of LRLAP to 150 that...(8/11)
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7/9 It's also interesting to note that having a lot of FACs - like Greece and Turkey - really pushes up BFM count, by virtue of carrying many AShMs relative to their size and cost. Which makes sense for very littoral navies focused on coastal defense.
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The radar suite has also shifted dispositions. Some may recall that I noted, about a month ago, that it appeared the panels for Kronos Dual Band seemed to be distributed between the fore and aft superstructures. This new render confirms it. (5/12)
🧵
I've been sitting on some thoughts about this recently seen render, since we've only had one angle on it - but since it's showing up on twitter now anyways, I may as well. Two things stand out to me that are interesting. (1/8)
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... helicopter personnel are included in the 200 figure or 300 figure. Presumably the latter includes flag staff, but given the aviation capabilities, I would not be surprised if was also intended for an enhanced San Marco marine component, as with the British Type 45. (11/12)
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4/9 On the other hand, many of these navies often have a ton of smaller and shallower cells for short-range SAMs, or still have obsolescent systems like the Mk.13 + RIM-66B/E combo. Ofc, the SR-SAM count for the Spanish or Turkish navies may be higher than the RN's, but CAMM...
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Just realized I forgot to actually lead with what the ship was and who it's for. I blame insufficient caffeine levels.
Link to the last time I covered the FREMM-EVO on twitter;
🧵Time for another thread on upcoming MM 🇮🇹 ships - this time the FREMM-EVO. As with the DDX render, the image is taken from Cosentino's article "Marina Militare, Proiezione 2035" in RID 01/2024. (1/10)
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6/9 ... the US navy can with most ships (one of the CGs and some of the DDGs in the force cannot use ESSM) if it really felt it needed to expand it's Short-Range SAM count. But 32 SAMs per ships is generally sufficient for short-range self-defense.
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5/9 ... is going to be a heck of a lot more effective as self-defense measure than a Mk.13 throwing SM-1MR, even if the Mk.13 ships have a 36-40 SAMs in their magazines. And of course, nothing gives you as much flexibility as having full-sized cells that you can quad-pack, as...
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The article also has an interesting comment on her complement. Previously reported as 300, Cosentino writes that the basic crew will consist of 200 personnel, but that there are additional spaces that allow for an expansion to 300. I am curious as to whether or not... (10/12)
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So, uh, yes, there are *definitely* caveats to this. But the opportunity this incident presents outweighs my better judgement.
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So we have our first Italian interception of a Houthi drone in the Red Sea. The drone is reported to have been heading towards the ship and downed at a range of 6 km. No mention of what system was used - at that range it be either an Aster (15, presumably?) or a 76/62.
Nave Duilio
#MarinaMilitare
abbatte drone nel
#MarRosso
.
"Gli attacchi terroristici degli Houthi sono una grave violazione del diritto internazionale e un attentato alla sicurezza dei traffici marittimi".
Così il Min.
@GuidoCrosetto
Leggi la notizia➡️
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What really tickles me is that we're supposed to believe this can happen with four Su-35S.
This is just adorable, when you consider what kind of EW environment the US was creating when it was first testing CEC in the fleet... in the 1990s.
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@ThrustWR
What I find bizarre about the whole thing is that he pulled the 'unprovoked' thing out of nowhere and proceeded to get all huffy about it. It seemed obvious to me that the base assumption of any shitpost hypothetical was that some kind conflict was already well underway...?
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Construction start dates haven't been stated yet, but given the projected delivery dates of 2029 & 2030, and that Italy averages ~48 months from first steel cut to delivery on FREMM, it seems likely steel will be cut on the first ship in 2025, and the second in 2026. (3/3)
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Mini-🧵
(1/6) Poor take from a smart person. It's no secret that the C1 is not very competitive with most of the latest western MBTs, but it is broadly comparable to the Leo 2A4, which is the type multiple countries are trying to send to Ukraine against German resistance.
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Excellent thread. Because of such exercises, practically every US ally & their mother have 'sunk' US carriers - Sweden, France, Italy, Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, & Chile off the top of my head. Ex, this from SSK ITS Salvatore Todaro (S 526) during JTFEX 08-4;
(1/3)
The infamous "Gotland exercises" are heavily misinterpreted. Thread.
It's not a secret that the USN puts a pretty heavy emphasis on training with allies, it's been a lynchpin in our naval operations for the better part of a century at this point. It makes the USN better at doing
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Very big news. I'd also note that with the life extension program for the Sauro Batch IV, the aim of reaching 10 boats will be achieved not by 2036, but by 2031.
The
@ItalianNavy
is working to increase its submarine force with two submarines of a new class known as "U212 NFS EVO" which will be larger than the NFS boats currently under production 🇮🇹
Story by
@LucaMPeruzzi
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