The Wiener Holocaust Library
@wienerlibrary
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The Wiener Holocaust Library is the world's oldest Holocaust archive and Britain's largest collection on the Nazi era. Instagram and Threads: @wienerlibrary
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We hold the records of millions of victims of Nazi persecution.
We can only continue our important work with your help.
Find out how you can support us:
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The Bernstein's were a German Jewish family. In June 1939, 16-year-old Susanne Bernstein was sent to safety in England on a
#Kindertransport
, joining her brother, Heinz. Her parents, Richerd and Grisela, were both murdered in Auschwitz.
#RefugeeMap
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2K
#OTD
1899, Tatjana Barbakoff was born. A Jewish dancer from the USSR famous for her expressionist dancing. Barbakoff was deported to Auschwitz on Convoy No. 67 & murdered upon arrival on 6 Feb 1944. Photographed by
#GertySimon
.
#CollectionHighlights
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254
1K
#OTD
1941, Alice Stern was transported to the Łódź Ghetto, as noted on the right-hand page of her ID card. ID cards were issued to all Jews following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. Alice survived
#WWII
. Learn more at
#HolocaustExplained
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1K
Czernowitz, a town with a large Jewish community in Romania was occupied by the Germans in July 1941.
#OTD
1942, the Jaslowitz family, Adolf and Lotte, along with their daughter Sonja, were deported to the Ladijin concentration camp.
#RefugeeMap
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1K
#OTD
1940 Germany invaded the Netherlands, separating the Library's founder, Dr Alfred Wiener from his wife, Margarethe and three daughters, Ruth, Eva and Mirjam
You can trace their journey through our
#RefugeeMap
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225
1K
#OTD
1942, Janusz Korczak was murdered in Treblinka death camp. Korczak, a Polish Jewish teacher, refused repeated offers of assistance to escape the Warsaw Ghetto, choosing instead to remain with the children of his Jewish orphanage.
#HolocaustExplained
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314
1K
Following the Anschluss in 1938, Erich Kurzer faced increasing persecution at the hands of the Nazis. After 2 unsuccessful attempts to flee, Erich arrived safely in Dover
#OTD
1939
He later joined the first Alien Company of the Pioneer Corps
#RefugeeMap
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137
1K
Today is Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day. 664,000-1.2 million died either in massacres or from ill-treatment, exposure & starvation.
@mitSelimKurt1
has written an article exploring the Armenian genocide & loss of sense of reality to mark the anniversary.
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1K
#OTD
1938, the first
#Kindertransport
arrived in the UK. Visit the Library's subject guide to learn more about the items in our collection relating to the rescue of 10,000 mainly Jewish child
#refugees
from Nazi-occupied Europe
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279
1K
We condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine & the Holocaust distortion used to justify it. As Britain’s library of record of the Holocaust, we will refute the abuse of history esp. when used as a weapon of war. Statement by the Library's Director
@TSimpsonWHL
:
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#OnThisDay
1945, the extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau was liberated by the Soviet Army. Today, on Holocaust Memorial Day, we honour the victims of the Holocaust and remember the millions of lives lost at the hands of genocidal regimes.
#HMD2021
#OneDay
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374
1K
Thank you to
@AuschwitzMuseum
for including
#ForgottenVictims
in this month's issue of Memoria! The Library's
#exhibition
draws upon our
#collections
to uncover the story of the little known aspect of Nazi persecution against the Roma & Sinti communities:
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Leo Bretholz (top centre) was born in Vienna, 1921.
#OTD
1942, he was put on a train from Drancy to Auschwitz. Leo and his friend, Manfred Silberwasser, jumped off the train and escaped. Both survived
#WWII
. 📸:
@HolocaustMuseum
#HolocaustExplained
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#Kristallnacht
, referred to as the November Pogrom or the Night of Broken Glass, was a series of violent antisemitic attacks on Jewish people and property that took place across Germany
#OTD
November 1938. Visit the
#HolocaustExplained
to learn more:
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Today we remember Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg who was born
#OnThisDay
1912. His actions, including the issuing of protective passes, saved the lives of tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust
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We were saddened to see our tube poster at Russell Square defaced this morning. We have reported this graffiti & continue to welcome all to learn about Kristallnacht by visiting our exhibition
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"My song, which is now banned, will be heard again, my voice"
Poetry is a powerful tool for healing & remembrance. For
#WorldPoetryDay
we share some of the poems in our collections
📸: Miklós Radnóti, a Hungarian poet who was murdered in the Holocaust
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We would like to wish a happy
#Hanukkah
to all our friends and supporters.
This photograph from the Library's
#collections
shows children celebrating at the Jewish kindergarten on Joachimsthaler Straße in Berlin, 7 December 1947.
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The Library holds a vast collection of documents and writings collected by Philipp Manes during his incarceration in Theresienstadt Ghetto. These provide a valuable insight into the artistic and intellectual endeavours of prisoners. Find out more:
16 August 1875 | German Jew Philipp Manes was born in Elbefeld.
In July 1942 he was transported from Berlin to
#Theresienstadt
Ghetto. Deported to
#Auschwitz
on 28 October 1944 and murdered in a gas chamber.
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Ceija Stojka, a Romani woman from Austria, survived 3 concentration camps inc. Auschwitz by the time she was 12. Her paintings are now on show in Madrid's
@museoreinasofia
. Read more about this exhibition in the new issue of
#Memoria
@AuschwitzMuseum
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"Wherever we looked, we were surrounded by death."
#OTD
1944, Arthur Schoenberg, who had been imprisoned in Auschwitz since June 1942, was forced to watch the execution of 3 members of the resistance group 'Kampfgruppe Auschwitz'.
#TestifyingToTheTruth
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"Solidarity with Nazi mass murderers." 70 years ago, thousands of Germans gathered in the town of Landsberg to demonstrate against the death penalty for Nazi war criminals. The event shows how little awareness of guilt there was among Germans.
@dwnews
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#OTD
1943, 365 of the 650 prisoners in Sobibor rebelled. 300 prisoners escaped, 100 of whom were captured shortly after. Only 47 people who took part in the uprising survived
#WWII
.
#JewishResistance
Read more:
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80,000 Jewish refugees arrived in the UK between 1933-1945. The Library's new travelling exhibition traces the journeys made by 'ordinary' people & explores British responses. 📷: Trude Glaser & her parents 1930s.
#MappingMemories
is available to hire now:
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"How extraordinarily fortunate we were." In 1939, Peter Briess & his family reached safety in the UK having fled the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. Last year
@RoxzannMoore
spotlighted Peter's story to mark
#RefugeeWeek
. 📷: Peter & his sister, 1938.
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Following
#Kristallnacht
, our founder Dr Alfred Wiener & his colleagues collected over 350 contemporary testimonies. Visit our online resource 'Pogrom: November 1938' to read the experiences of Jewish men, women & children whose lives were changed forever
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Watch the Oscar nominated short documentary about a 1939 Nazi rally in
#NewYork
. 'A Night at the Garden' is a seven minute film which shows a crowd of 20,000 giving the Nazi salute while swastikas fly inside Madison Square Garden.
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Holocaust denial and distortion is unconscionable. Both are a form of antisemitism and should be given no platform.
The facts of history must be upheld.
Learn more at:
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#OTD
1938, the first
#Kindertransport
arrived in the UK. Visit the Library's online educational resource the
#HolocaustExpained
to learn more about the rescue of 10,000 mainly Jewish child
#refugees
from Nazi Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
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#OTD
1936, Nazi Germany began hosting the Olympic Games. The Nazis used the event to showcase their regime and the response was overwhelmingly positive. These photos were taken by a Jewish girl, Edith Brent. In 1941 her mother was deported & murdered.
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"Today, the pink triangle is a timely reminder that we must never forget the horrors that were inflicted on minority groups during the Holocaust." The crimes committed by the Nazis against thousands of queer people must never be forgotten.
@PinkNews
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This year, a new memorial to the
#Kindertransport
was opened at Harwich, where the first transport arrived, find out more about the tribute, Safe Haven, here:
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Episode 7 of our friends
@AuschwitzMuseum
#podcast
explores the fate of the 23,000 Roma & Sinti, inc. 11,000 children, who were deported to Auschwitz by the Nazis. Over 91% were murdered. Learn more about this often over-looked aspect of Nazi persecution:
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#OnThisDay
16th July 1942: Vél d'Hiv roundup of 13,000 Jews in Vichy
#France
begins. The majority of those arrested were deported to Auschwitz 📷
@yadvashem
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Thank you to
#Memoria
magazine for featuring the Library's new digital resource
#TestifyingToTheTruth
. This database shares eyewitness accounts from the Holocaust, many of which have never been seen before. Explore these unique documents:
@AuschwitzMuseum
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#OnThisDay
in 1938, the first
#Kindertransport
arrived in the UK. We have extensive collections on the rescue of 10,000 mainly Jewish child refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe. Visit the Library's subject guide to learn more:
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85 years ago this month, the first
#Kindertransport
arrived in the UK. Visit the Library's online educational site
#TheHolocaustExpained
to learn more about the rescue of 10,000 mainly Jewish children from Nazi Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland
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“Too horrible to be described”
#OTD
1943, Cecilia Loebel, a Romanian born Jewish woman who had been studying in Paris since 1927, was deported to Auschwitz
Visit our digital resource
#TestifyingToTheTruth
to read more eyewitness accounts of the Holocaust. https…
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Our friends
@AuschwitzMuseum
have launched a
#podcast
. 'On Auschwitz' explains the role of the German company IG Farben in the expansion of Auschwitz in 1941 & analyses why in March 1942 this concentration camp became also an extermination centre for Jews.
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Delighted to be featured in this month's
#Memoria
magazine
@AuschwitzMuseum
. The Library's new exhibition
#ThisFascistLife
explores the experiences and motivations of the ordinary members of radical right movements during the interwar period.
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510
The 2nd August is Roma Genocide Remembrance Day - marked on the anniversary of the night in 1944 when the ‘Gypsy Family Camp’ or Zigeunerlager at Auschwitz-Birkenau was liquidated. Thousands of men, women and children of Roma or Sinti origin were murdered in the gas chambers
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"This dot on the map. This black spot at the core of Europe"
#OnThisDay
1943 Charlotte Delbo, a writer and French resistance fighter, was captured by the Nazis and transported to Auschwitz. Of the over 200 women sent with her to the camp, only 49 returned
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#OnThisDay
in 1938 the events of Kristallnacht, also known as the November pogrom, devastated Jewish communities in towns and cities across Germany and Austria. Thousands of Jews were terrorised and synagogues, Jewish businesses and people's homes were looted and burned
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#OTD
in 1942 the first 2,000 women arrived in Auschwitz (out of about 130,000 registered in the camp to the end of its existence). Find out more via
#TheHolocaustExplained
📷 Women and children line up for selection in Auschwitz,
@yadvashem
#OnThisDay
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#OnThisDay
1942, German authorities began to deport Dutch Jews from transit camps in the Netherlands to killing centres in the East. By Sept 1944 trains had carried more than 100,000 people to Auschwitz, Sobibor, Theresienstadt & Bergen-Belsen. Only 5,200 Dutch Jews survived
#OTD
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'As a Holocaust survivor who fled to the UK over 80 years ago, I realise now that these moments set me on a journey of responsibility; I’ve made it my job to share my story to try and stop history repeating itself'
@MetroUK
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#TheWienerLibraryat90
Ruth, Eva and Mirjam, the daughters of our founder Dr Alfred Wiener, are pictured here in Amsterdam in 1938, just prior to the Nazis' invasion of the Netherlands. Following the occupation Jews faced persecution by the Nazis and Dutch collaborators...
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"A pair of Jewish prisoners plotted to break out of the death camp and tell the world the true horror of what they’d seen. How did they do it?" Escape from Auschwitz: the most extraordinary Holocaust story you’ve never heard.
@guardian
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#OTD
1933, the German government issued the Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities, which limited the number of Jewish students attending public schools. Visit the
#HolocaustExplained
to learn how Nazi antisemitic laws affected daily life.
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463
#OnThisDay
1943, members of the White Rose group were executed for high treason. The group created & distributed anti-Nazi pamphlets, criticising the Nazis persecution of Jews and calling for resistance to Nazi rule
📷 Hans & Sophie Scholl, Wiener Holocaust Library Collections
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30 June:
#OTD
in 1939, Hans, Else, Peter and Hana Briess left Czechoslovakia forever, following the Nazi invasion and requisitioning of their house. Find out more about the Briess’ journey on our educational website
#HolocaustExplained
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"We see ourselves as part of an effort to confront Holocaust denial and challenge prejudice everywhere." Thank you to
@JTAnews
for this lovely profile piece highlighting the history of the Library and the important work we continue today.
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Before Bergen-Belsen was liberated
#OTD
1945, it had become a destination for thousands of prisoners forcibly evacuated from Nazi camps in the east. The British Army found 60,000 prisoners in the camp, most seriously ill and dying
📷 Women survivors of Belsen after liberation
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#OnThisDay
in 1945 the Red Army entered the Auschwitz death camp and liberated the 7,000 remaining prisoners.
For many prisoners, liberation was only the beginning of their journey to freedom.
📷 A photograph of Auschwitz taken shortly after liberation
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#OTD
in 1914 Jan Karski, a Polish resistance-fighter and diplomat during WWII, was born
He is celebrated for delivering evidence of the murder of Jews to the Allies, reporting on Nazi atrocities in the Warsaw ghetto and deportations of Jews to killing centers
📷
@HolocaustMuseum
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458
"Now, on the 75th anniversary of the diary’s publication in 1947, it is timely to look at why this young girl’s diary continues to hold people’s attention." Anne Frank’s diary at 75: why it holds a special place in Holocaust literature.
@ConversationUK
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We have some fascinating events planned for the coming month...
On the 13th we're hosting a talk online and in-person with author Maria Chamberlain about her book, Never Tell Anyone You’re Jewish, a story of two Jewish families in Nazi-occupied Poland...
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Following
#Kristallnacht
approx 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to camps. Most were released on the condition that they left Germany immediately. Find out about the little-known story of the
#KitchenerCamp
which was a haven for 4,000 of these men
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“We didn’t know what to expect when we started the project." Archivists at
@AuschwitzMuseum
&
@ArolsenArchives
have uncovered the previously unknown identities of an estimated 4,000 Auschwitz inmates as well as info about 26,000 others.
@TimesofIsrael
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Find out more about
#refugee
journeys elucidated in our collections through our
#RefugeeMap
Aged 16, Selma Klau came to Great Britain on one of the last Kindertransports before the outbreak of war.
Read more at
Our
#RecordOfTheDay
is from the
@WienerLibrary
#Humap
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Our
#HolocaustLetters
exhibition events continue in May!
On the 15th we welcome Dr Alex Sessa for: Jane Haining’s Letter from Auschwitz and the Foundation of a Christo-centric Myth
📷 Jane Haining, a missionary for the Church of Scotland in Budapest
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This week in 1961 the trial of Adolf Eichmann began in Israel. He was charged on 15 counts, including crimes against Jewish and non-Jewish people and crimes against humanity
Discover what we hold in our Collections via our War Crimes Trials Subject Guide:
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In October 1940, the Warsaw Ghetto was established, where over 400k Jewish people were imprisoned. Head to
#TheHolocaustExplained
to learn more, including about conditions and culture inside the ghetto, resistance and the 1942 uprising...
#OTD
#OnThisday
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"You cannot imagine what it looked like here."
This letter recounts a family's experiences of
#Kristallnacht
in Vienna, November 1938.
The unknown writer describes how her husband was beaten and all their property destroyed.
#TestifyingToTheTruth
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423
"Everybody has been bodily searched."
#OTD
1940, 2,500 men who were deemed to be 'enemy aliens' were shipped to Australia on the infamous HMT Dunera. Herbert Malinow, a Polish Jewish refugee, kept a diary documenting abuses by British soldiers.
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Today is Roma Holocaust Memorial Day and marks the liquidation of the Zigeunerlager ("Gypsy Camp") at Auschwitz in 1944 when approx 4,300 Roma & Sinti people were murdered. Visit
#HolocaustExplained
to learn about this overlooked aspect of Nazi persecution
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404
#OTD
1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands separating the Library's founder, Dr Alfred Wiener from his wife, Margarethe, and three daughters, Ruth, Eva and Mirjam. 📷: The 3 girls photographed in New York, 1946. Trace their journey through our
#RefugeeMap
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"We all know the figure - six million Jews were killed - but it's really one person six million times. Every person has a name, every person has a face."
@BBCNews
@TWGerken
@numberstonames1
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"Visiting the POLIN museum in 2016, Daniel Patt realized he could be walking by his own relatives without knowing it, so he designed a platform ‘From Numbers to Names." Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition.
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Following
#Kristallnacht
, antisemitism in Germany intensified further. This shop had 'On holiday in Dachau' painted onto the front, referring to the owners arrest & deportation to the concentration camp Dachau
Visit the
#HolocaustExplained
to learn more:
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#OnThisDay
in 2016, Elie Wiesel died. A writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor, he authored 57 books including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps
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#OTD
1943 Rachel Auerbach escaped the Warsaw Ghetto
In the ghetto she was involved in the creation of Emanuel Ringelblum’s underground archive Oyneg Shabes, 'The Joy of Sabbath’
📷 Auerbach & Hirsch Wasser unearthing ‘Oyneg Shabes’ archives, Sept 1946
@yadvashem
Photo Archives
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From 15 May to 9 July 1944, under the guidance of the SS, Hungary deported 437,402 Jews. Most were deported directly to Auschwitz, where the majority were immediately killed. 📸: Women and children line up for selection -
@yadvashem
.
#HolocaustExplained
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"Like I wasn’t a person." Reports of rape and violence against women and girls in Tigray, Ethiopia, detailed in accounts published by
@amnesty
.
Warning: this article contains graphic details of sexual violence that readers may find upsetting.
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We are deeply saddened to learn of the passing of the beloved author Judith Kerr. A refugee from Nazi Germany she will be remembered for her wonderful children's books. On this sad day we share this charming photograph taken of Judith in Berlin, aged 6, from our collections.
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#OTD
1933, the first Nazi concentration camp at Dachau was established. Conditions at the camp were deplorable with inmates subjected to horrific abuse
📷: Ludwig Neumann photographed following his release from Dachau in 1938. Find out more
#RefugeeMap
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Disappointed to see that our tube poster at Russell Square has been defaced once again. As a small charity w/ a very limited budget we hope this can fixed quickly
@TfL
@ExterionMediaUK
@CST_UK
. As always our doors are open to those who want to wish to learn
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'The mayor of a city in western Ukraine has vowed to protect the community’s Jewish cemetery even while the country is at war... Ivan Pohorilyak, the Mayor of Perechyn, made the pledge to safeguard the site because “Jewish history is our history”.'
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53
345
Following the Anschluss in 1938, Erich Kurzer faced increasing persecution at the hands of the Nazis. After 2 unsuccessful attempts to flee, Erich arrived safely in Dover
#OTD
1939. He later joined the first Alien Company of the Pioneer Corps.
#RefugeeMap
1
44
334
#OnThisDay
1942, the Jewish Council of Warsaw published a Nazi notice to the ghetto, stating that almost all of its inhabitants would be deported to camps in the East. By September, approx. 300,000 people had been deported to Treblinka death camp
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341
'Being a decent person with an upright mind and the courage to stand up for what you believe in, is a signpost that sends you directly to prison in Hitler’s Germany'
Read more about the remarkable Dr Liebetseder in this fascinating article by
@AlexJNimmo
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The Battle of Cable Street took place
#OTD
1936, with thousands confronting fascism and antisemitism in East London
Search our catalogue to view our holdings on Oswald Mosley & the BUF or visit our online exhibition,
#FightingAntisemitism
to find out more
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Today marks the 25th anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide. In 1995, more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslims, mainly men and boys, were killed. The mass murder is considered an act of genocide and was described by the UN as the worst crime on European soil since
#WWII
.
@SrebrenicaUK
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#OnThisDay
in 1945,
#Buchenwald
concentration camp was liberated by the US Army. They found only a few hundred surviving prisoners remaining in the camp, mostly the sick or dying
📷 An unknown survivor sits in front of the Boelcke barracks after liberation, Nordhausen, 1945
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#OTD
1943, the SS violently crushed the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The 42,000 surviving residents were deported to camps and killing centres in the East. 📷: Featured in the Stroop Report, German troops sweeping through the Ghetto, May 1943.
#JewishResistance
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We are delighted to be displaying
#LeaveToLand
, alongside items from our own unique archive, from 17 Feb-18 March! This touring exhibition tells the largely forgotten story of the Kitchener Camp - the extraordinary rescue of 4,000 Jewish refugees in 1939.
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We are saddened to learn of the passing of Shalom Stamberg, one of the last remaining survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto. Shalom was transferred to 5 different concentration camps & survived a Nazi death march. Our thoughts are with his family.
@TimesofIsrael
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'Building workers had been renovating a tenement house in Łódź when they happened upon the hundreds of items thought to have been stashed away ahead of the Nazi occupation of Poland that began in September 1939'
@llggeorgia
@JewishChron
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#OTD
1936, Himmler was made Head of the German Police. Just 2 years later, he established a centralised office to persecute Roma in the Third Reich
📸 Before the 1936 Olympics, Berlin Roma were relocated to this camp at Marzahn
#ForgottenVictims
@UNHOP
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The Nazis believed that disabled people could not be a part of the German master race. Ultimately, this led to the mass murder of thousands of disabled people
This
#DisabilityHistoryMonth
learn more about the Nazis' 'first victims' at
#HolocaustExplained
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#OTD
1942, deportations began from the Łódź Ghetto to Chelmno extermination camp. At least 172,000 people were murdered at Chelmno during
#WWII
.
Visit
#HolocaustExplained
to learn more about the Nazi genocide 1941-1945
📷 Deportations to Chelmno
@ushmm
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This banknote, worth 10 cents, was issued
#OTD
1944 in Westerbork concentration camp in the Netherlands. As normal currency was banned and confiscated within the camp these vouchers were distributed as an incentive for inmates to work.
#HolocaustExplained
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'They had managed to identify everyone in the picture, apart from the confused and sad-looking little boy with an oversized coat and scuffed shoes who had an arm placed around him by a fellow child migrant.
That child, it turned out, was Michael.'
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#OTD
1885, the Library's founder, Dr Alfred Wiener was born. Dr Wiener founded the Library in 1933, making it the oldest Holocaust archive in the world.
#DrWienersLibrary
, a new online exhibition, traces the history of the Library and collections:
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#OTD
1943, the SS began to liquidate the Krakow Ghetto. 2,000 Jews were shot immediately. Those deemed capable of work were sent to Płaszów camp. The rest were sent to Auschwitz where 2,450 Jews were gassed on arrival
#HolocaustExplained
Learn more:
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The Croatian government is taking steps toward returning art to the heirs of Jews whose collections were plundered by the Ustase regime, which ruled a puppet state allied with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany
@nytimes
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The Wiener Holocaust Library's Director has written an open letter to The Daily Telegraph commenting on their calculator of taxpayers' contributions to the welfare state.
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'“I realised they weren’t leaves, they were shoes buried below the surface. The more I dug, the more shoes I found.” He had stumbled upon the remains of a mountain of half a million shoes from the victims of an industrial killing programme'
@olivernmoody
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