Sinologist going medieval on State & Society of China・the China that interests me perished in 1927・Orientaliste en chambre・Klassenfeind・Kampfradler・pron.: 某/臣/佢
#Hunan
#湖南 shaped
#ModernChina
in so many ways: Chen Yinke #陳寅恪 was also born in
#Changsha
#長沙 in 1890, grandson to Chen Baozhen #陳寶箴, an early reformer. Like many
#Hunanese
, both
#Chen
and
#Mao
had quite a temper, which is sometimes accredited to the hot Hunan food.
The Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site in Mongolia, home to the ruins of Ordubalïq, once the capital of the Uyghur Khaganate or Empire (744–840).
Names of PRC leaders would rock as imperial era names or reign titles (niánhào 年號):
Nourishing the East 澤東 (1949–76)
Country's Apogee 國鋒 (1976–78)
Moderate Peace 小平 (1978–89)
Nourishing the People 澤民 (1989–2002)
Bright Upsurge 錦濤 (2002–12)
Advancing Peace 近平 (2012–)
Stanford's program for Cantonese—one of a few in the world—is under threat, despite its status as a language (not a dialect) that is being spoken by over 80 million worldwide. If you consider linguistic and cultural diversity to be important, please consider signing the petition.
From inception to completion it took Tetsuji
#Morohashi
40 years to finish his
#dictionary
. Imagine a scholar working four decades on a single project in our days. Such a person would soon be out of their job, yet where would
#ChineseStudies
#Sinology
be without his effort today?
The Great Chinese-Japanese Dictionary 大漢和辞典, also known as Morohashi, is one of the many important reference works housed in the Eide Center Library. Compiled by MOROHASHI Tetsuji 諸橋轍次 in the late 1950's, this dictionary consists of 13 volumes, more than 13,000 pages...
#BOTD
: Liu Bannong 劉半農 (1891–1934), author, linguist, and translator of Sherlock Holmes in
#ModernChina
. A pioneer of vernacular 白話 poetry, simplified characters 简体字, and photography, he coined the distinction of masculine 他, feminine 她, and neuter 它 (all 'tā' in MSC).
#OTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: An Lushan #安祿山 (703–757) killed by one of his eunuchs and his son. A military commissioner #節度使 of Turko-Sogdian descent in service of the Tang #唐, An rebelled in 755 thus starting the
#AnLushanRebellion
#安史之亂, founding his own Yan #燕 dynasty.
I was today years old when I discovered that, in 1959, Charles Mingus (1922–1979) produced an album titled 'Mingus Dynasty' with a cover worthy of its name (and great music, too).
A jazz ensemble called 'Mingus Dynasty' also formed shortly after Mingus's death in 1979.
大明萬歲
#DOTD
: Fu Lei 傅雷 (1908–1966), translator of
#French
literature into
#Chinese
who, together with his wife Zhu Meifu 朱梅馥 (1913–1966), committed suicide in the
#CulturalRevolution
#文化大革命. Renowned for the letters to their son 傅雷家書, the pianist Fu Cong 傅聰 (1934–2020).
#OTD
: the monk and translator Xuanzang 玄奘 (original name Chen Yi 陳禕, 602–64, a.k.a. Tripitaka 三藏) returns from his fifteen-year pilgrimage to India. His translations hugely influenced the development of
#ChineseBuddhism
#Yog
ācāra #唯識宗 #法相宗 #唐僧 #大唐西域記 #西遊記.
These two representations of
#Manchu
-Qing emperors always struck me as revealing in comparison: Kangxi (r. 1661–1722) on the left was perhaps the last emperor in
#China
who commanded an army on campaign; Qianlong (1735–96) on the right, painted by Giuseppe Castiglione, never did.
#BOTD
: Luo Niansheng 羅念生 (1904–1990),
#Chinese
scholar and translator of
#AncientGreek
. At the behest of premier Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898–1976), he compiled the first Ancient Greek-Chinese dictionary in 1957.
#Iliad
#古希臘
I've long advocated (and been telling my students) that we should only use 'Confucian(ism)' 1) in quotation marks because there is no corresponding word in Chinese before 20th c. and 2) only if(f) we can give a clear, contextualised (which period) and reasonable definition of it.
While writing about bad takes on Asia, I've made a short list of arguments to avoid at all costs: it's 1) Confucianism, 2) collectivism, 3) 'discipline', 4) inferiority complex vis-à-vis 'the West', 5) the Hofstede model, or 6) a genetic predisposition to obedience. Thank you.
Found this skeleton of a leaf in a book I've owned for +/-25 years and not opened for at least 15 (took it to China but never got round reading). Like to imagine that it fossilised in that time, though it more likely was in that state already when it ended up between the pages.
The May-Fourth distinction of Classical/Literary Chinese 文言文 vs. Written Vernacular 白話文 often perpetuated by sinologists obscures the fact that authors past and present have taken great liberties in mixing a variety of registers.
#ChenSanli
#陳三立
#classicising
#PAIXUE
Yu Ying-shih 余英時 (1930–2021) was the closest anyone can get in Sinology to a polymath. His 'O Soul, Come Back!' on the ancient ritual of 'summoning the spirit' 招魂 of a recently deceased person left a deep impression on my soul. A true master of National Learning 國學!
#BOTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: Wang Tao 王韜 (1828–1897), translator, traveller, writer. Together with James Legge (1815–1897), he translated The
#ChineseClassics
. Living in
#Oxford
from 1867 to 1870, he recorded his impressions about places he visited in and along the way to
#Europe
.
I'm afraid the same can be said about Chinese studies, at least in history. I love the work of my modernist colleagues on transnational/ global history, but it still seems difficult for Western historians to imagine that anything outside Europe existed before Europeans got there.
It still amazes me that Tetsuji Morohashi 諸橋轍次 (1883–1982) was allowed to work on his Great Chinese–Japanese Dictionary 大漢和辞典 for half a century, from its conception in 1917, through the destruction of the original plates in an air raid 1943, to the final volume in 1960.
Detailed project description from the year 1969:
"Theory of society; duration: 30 years; costs: none"
Niklas Luhmann, Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft [The Society of Society] (Frankfurt, 1998), 11.
Recently bought Ch. Lamouroux (2022) La Dynastie des Song, part of the series Histoire Générale de la Chine. The publisher announced there will be 10 vols in the end. Currently, vols. on Qin-Han, Republic and PRC exist. I wonder if there is going to be a Tang volume and by whom.
We (I) imagine traditional Chinese
#literati
as epitomes of civility #文, but at least when it comes to the late
#Tang
or
#longninthcentury
, I'm amazed at how deeply involved literati were with the military #武 and how frequently and extensively they wrote about it.
#wenwu
#文武
Having reached 907 followers, and after going through the customary ritual of declining the mandate three times 三讓, I hereby officially declare the end of the Tang 唐 and the beginning of the Lat(t)er Liang 後梁. Interesting, fractured times lie ahead of us, my dear followers!
I was today years old when I learned that
#otd
in 582 in
#ChineseHistory
#China
's first female emperor was born. No, not that one, but the only daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of the N Wei surname Yuan #北魏 孝明帝女 #元氏, who was emperor for a few hours before being replaced.
#DOTD
: Zeng Guofan #曾國藩 (1811–1872), official and general of the Qing #清 (1644–1911), who organised the local militia in Hunan #湖南, South
#China
, to resist the
#Taiping
#太平 Rebellion. Leader of the Self-Strengthening Movement and the Tongzhi Restoration #同治中興.
#BOTD
: Ray Huang 黄仁宇 (1918–2000),
#Chinese
-
#American
historian, best-known for his "1587, a Year of No Significance" (Chin. #萬曆十五年) about how a chain of insignificant events under the Wanli 萬曆 Emperor (r. 1572–1620) of the Ming #明 had long-term historical consequences.
How a sinologist* starts a fight with a classicist:
'You only work with translated sources? We call that tertiary literature.'
*replace with any non-European philology
I started watching 'The Longest Day in Chang'an' 長安十二時辰, a TV series loosely modelled on '24' & set in the 3rd year of the Tianbao 天寶 reign (744~45), the heyday of the Tang 唐 era—and I'm wondering: how could I have missed this? My favourite are the ubiquitous smurf hats.
@FairbankCenter
Hi, I'm Michael
@FAU_Germany
. So far, I dabbled in Tang and earlier stuff. Did work on religious policies, Li Deyu 李德裕, eunuchs, emasculation, and punishments in 呂氏春秋. Presently working on the historiography of Chen Yinke 陳寅恪 and venturing on Cantonese sociolinguistics.
If you think no one has studied your topic before, always remember there is a Japanese scholar who wrote an extremely detailed and balanced thesis on it in the mid-twentieth century.
@nosword
Erm. Japanese? Ya. Its a must for anyone wanna do research on Tang-Song 😅 Oh god, there's so many amazing research done by the Jap scholars. I'd probably can't read finish them in this lifetime.
When Chen Yinke (or -que) 陳寅恪 lived in Guangzhou from the 1940s until his death, he was virtually blind; a walkway in shining white concrete led to his house so he could take walks on his own. I took these photos in 2007 while being a student at Sun Yat-sen University 中山大學
Not niche at all! Like in so many other things, the Tang and Song are a watershed in Chinese, East Asian and, indeed, world history when it comes to perceptions of culture, ethnicity, and identity.
#medievalchina
#medievalhistory
#OTD
in 528 (not 582), the infant daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of the Tuoba Xianbei Northern Wei 拓跋鮮卑北魏孝明帝, known only as 'of the Yuan clan' 元氏, is put on the throne by Empress-dowager Hu 胡太后, becoming China's first known female emperor—albeit only for a few hours.
I was today years old when I learned that
#otd
in 582 in
#ChineseHistory
#China
's first female emperor was born. No, not that one, but the only daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of the N Wei surname Yuan #北魏 孝明帝女 #元氏, who was emperor for a few hours before being replaced.
Four Great Teachers of National Learning #國學四大導師: Liang Qichao #梁啟超 (1873–1929), Wang Guowei #王國維 (1877–1927), Chen Yinke #陳寅恪 (1890–1969), Zhao Yuanren #趙元任 (1892–1982)
Why does only Chen Yinke appear on all three?
Lmk if you know other
#lists
of
#historians
.
Ever wondered what the Classic of Poetry (Shijing 詩經) might have sounded like in Old Chinese? And they say Chow Yuan-fat 周潤髮 couldn't play Confucius because his Mandarin sounded weird...
@tommazanec
@StatesWarring
@siegeweather
Just sat down and read this into my microphone. Not very polished, but this is (something like) how (I think) it would go under the assumption that the Baxter-Sagart 2.0 reconstruction actually represents a real language
To show how ill-suited the model of other language families such as Indo-European or Semitic was for writing a Chinese grammar, in 1932
#ChenYinke
invented a character for a plural verb 'a boy and a girl sleeping together' 一男子與一女子而同睡 consisting of the elements 亻+睡+女.
Great seminar on Tang Chang'an/Xi'an, Nestorian Stele and Christianity in medieval China
@UniFAU
Dept f Christian Archaeology today. Many thanks to students and convenors of the seminar on Christianity along the Silk Roads, Prof. Ute Verstegen, Alex Tammer and Eva Schmalenberger!
May I suggest to all
#sinologists
that they should follow
@AntiokhosE
? They are doing an amazing job in making all those who cannot travel to China atm very envious and overflowing with 'Fernweh' (wanderlust).
A train to Baotou, Inner Mongolia’s biggest city, and then a mountain bus to get to Badekar Monastery (Wudang Zhao 五当召).
Built under Qing patronage in 18th century it is an architectural slice of Tibet; and still one of Tibetan Buddhism’s most important functioning sites.
#OTD
in
#China
, Du Fu #杜甫 (712–770), who, together with Li Bai 李白 (701–762), is considered the greatest poet of the
#Tang
#唐 if not of all of
#ChineseHistory
and called the 'Sage of Poetry' 詩聖, was born.
#BOTD
: Sima Guang #司馬光 (1019–86), Song #宋 (960–1279) statesman, compiler-in-chief of the monumental Mirror to Aid in Governance #資治通鑑, nemesis of Wang Anshi's #王安石 (1021–1086) New Policies #新法 and second-greatest
#historian
named Sima.
#ChineseHistory
#historiography
Each day I post one section from
#Medieval
#Chinese
disquisitions or
#essays
(lun 論) without translation or comment, starting with Record of Exhausting Sorrow (Qiongchou zhi #窮愁志) by chancellor Li Deyu #李德裕, which formed the basis of my first book:
#OTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: An Lushan #安祿山 (703–757) killed by one of his eunuchs and his son. A military commissioner #節度使 of Turko-Sogdian descent in service of the Tang #唐, An rebelled in 755 thus starting the
#AnLushanRebellion
#安史之亂, founding his own Yan #燕 dynasty.
#BOTD
: D. C. Lau (Din Cheuk Lau 劉殿爵, 1921–2010), sinologist, philosopher, and renowned translator of the Analects 論語, Mencius 孟子, and 'the Lao Tzu' 老子a.k.a. Daodejing 道德經 into English.
I was meant to fly to Princeton tomorrow and take part in what promises to be one of the intellectually most invigorating events of the year. Instead, I am going to sit at home and schlepp myself through the first bout of Covid after two and a half years of the pandemic. Mask up!
Check out this virtual reconstruction of
#Luoyang
#洛陽 city under the Tuoba Xianbei (Tabgach Särbi) 拓拔鮮卑
#NorthernWei
#北魏 (386-535), one of the great urban & religious centres of the
#medieval
world. You can hear the bell chiming in
#Buddhist
monasteries!
#GlobalMiddleAges
Fascinating new study on
#gender
#sexuality
&
#religion
in
#MedievalChina
:
Hsiao-wen Cheng, Divine, Demonic, and Disordered: Women without Men in Song Dynasty China (University of Washington Press, 2021).
#OTD
: Li Chen/Yi 李忱/怡 (Xuanzong 宣宗, r. 846–59) ascends the throne. 13th(?) son of Xianzong 憲宗 and uncle of the previous three emperors, he reverses the anti-Buddhist policies of Wuzong 武宗 (r.). Called 'Little Taizong' 小太宗, he is the last capable ruler of the Tang 唐.
#BOTD
: Tan Qixiang 譚其驤 (l., 1911–92), Chinese geographer and historian. One of the founders of
#HistoricalGeography
#歷史地理學, his Historical Atlas of China 中國歷史地圖集 (1982–8) is still the go-to reference book for every student of
#ChineseHistory
This sent me down a rabbit hole bc I got curious how many China-related episodes there are on
@BBCInOurTime
. A 🧵 in no particular order (1/6):
- Tang Era Poetry:
- China's Warring States Period:
#BOTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: Sun Wen #孫文 (1866–1925), courtesy name 字 Yixian #逸仙 (Yat-sen in
#Cantonese
), better known in the
#Sinophone
World as Zhongshan #中山, a name he adopted in exile in Japan. 1st president of the Republic of China #中華民國 & Father of the Nation #國父.
Just found this between the title pages of a book I bought second-hand dunno how many years ago. Can only surmise that it was in London as the pencilled price is in £. Also speaks volumes about buying books and never actually getting around to opening (let alone reading) them.
3 Kingdoms 三國演義 is one of my guilty pleasures. For years, Fritz Kuhn's 1940 (abr.) translation was the only German one. Two new ones appeared in recent years, by Eva Schestag
@sfischerverlage
and Shi Xinyue. Any journal wanting a review, DM me! I go steal myself some arrows.
Chinesische Grammatik. Mit Ausschluss des niederen Stiles und der heutigen Umgangssprache. For a 100+ years, it was the only grammar for Literary Chinese in a European language, now superseded by Unger's Grammatik which, incidentally, is also in German. Found mine in 神保町.
#OTD
184 years ago, Georg von der Gabelentz (1840-1893) was born 🥳 General linguist, sinologist, and in many ways a forerunner of structuralism. Among other things, he formulated a theory of spiral language change known as the agglutinative theory.
#LinguisticBirthdays
#Histlx
Found this 1936 (anonymous?) English translation of Ouyang Xiu's 歐陽修 (courtesy name 字 Yongshu 永叔, 1007–1072) 'Treatise on Factions' (Pengdang lun 朋黨論) from The Progress (Jinbu yinghua zhoukan 進步英華週刊), which I felt necessary to share bc of its English title 'Clubs'.
#DOTD
: Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾 (left, 1378–1425, Renzong 仁宗, r. 1424/12/8–1425/5/29), the Hongxi 洪熙 Emperor. Succeeding his father
@Imperial_Yongle
, his reign and that of his son, Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基 (1399–1435, r. 1425–35), are considered the golden age of the
#Ming
#明. #仁宣之治
#BOTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基 (1399–1435), Xuande 宣德 Emperor (r. 1425–35) of the
#Ming
#明. A capable administrator, military leader, and also an accomplished painter, he sent the
#eunuch
-admiral Zheng He #鄭和 (1371–1433/35) on his 7th and final naval expedition.
Found this adorable image of corporal punishments in early China online.
It shows the five punishments according to the Classic of Documents 書經: execution, emasculation, amputation of a foot/kneecap and nose, and tattooing/branding.
Sleep tight!
Has anyone noticed the penchant of modern Chinese
#historiography
for numbered lists of
#historians
?
1) Four great modern historians #現代四大史學家: Chen Yuan #陳垣 (1880–1971), Lü Simian #呂思勉 (1884–1957), Chen Yinke #陳寅恪 (1890–1969), Qian Mu #錢穆 (1895–1990)
Just started reading this and strongly and wholeheartedly recommend it to anyone interested in cultural and ethnic identity, historiography and bureaucracy, and the discourse on 'barbarians' in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, not only China.
dans quelques jours paraîtra aux éditions
@Anacharsis_Edit
, un livre d’histoire ancienne et médiévale sur la Chine méridionale chère à mon cœur, qui parle de ceux (les Han) qui parlent de ceux qui ne parlent pas (les Man)
All of past issues of the Journal of Chinese Studies 中國文化研究所學報 at The Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1968 to 2020 digitalized and available on this website:
via Keith Knapp
#China_Roundtable
#DOTD
: Guo Moruo 郭沫若 (1892–1978),
#Chinese
historian and
#classicist
of
#Hakka
#客家 descent. One of the most influential scholars of
#ModernChina
and first president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences #中國科學院, he is often seen as a mouthpiece of Mao #毛澤東 and the
#CCP
.
Lucie Varga (1904–41), historian of the
#Annales
school, who wrote a conceptual history of the Dark Ages (Das Schlagwort vom "finsteren Mittelalter") in 1932. Came across in an article by Theodor Mommsen (the other one) on 'Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'.
#medievalisms
I've begun digging into this, and it seems as though there finally is a worthy successor to Roy A. Miller's A Japanese Reader, which was first published in 1963!
A Practical Guide for Scholarly Reading in Japanese,
by Fumiko Nazikian, Keiko Ono, Naofumi Tatsumi,
@routledgebooks
【an innovative reference guide for scholars specializing in Asian studies, with a special focus on Chinese studies.】
A Practical Guide for Scholarly Reading In Japanese
By Fumiko Nazikian, Keiko Ono, Naofumi Tatsumi
Routledge
#OTD
in
#UniversalHistory
: the
#Chinese
institutional encyclopaedia Successive Examination of Documents Submitted to the Throne (Wenxian tongkao #文獻通考) compiled by Ma Duanlin 馬端臨 (1254–1324) in the Yuan 元 period, records a
#nova
#新星 in the constellation
#Gemini
#雙子座.
Review Shao-yun Yang, The Way of the Barbarians: Redrawing Ethnic Boundaries in Tang and Song China (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019), by Erica Brindley via
@HNet_Humanities
In 1914, Chinese medievalist Cen Zhongmian 岑仲勉 (1885–1961) published a translation of a travel account by John Hedley (1869–1936) under the name Mingshu 銘恕.
@ImreGalambos
, “Foreign Travel Writings in Republican China.” JRAS 33.1 (2023): 111–32.
doi:10.1017/S1356186321000882
#BOTD
Zhou Zuoren #周作人 (1885–1967),
#Chinese
essayist and translator from
#Greek
and
#Japanese
. A brother of Lu Xun #魯迅/Zhou Shuren #周樹人 and major voice in the literary and cultural movements of
#ModernChina
, he was 'at odds with many of his contemporaries' (S. Daruvala).
#TodayInHistory
On 1885/01/16, Zhou Zuoren 周作人, a Chinese essayist, literary theorist, critic, poet, translator, thinker, pioneer of folklore, and representative of the New Culture Movement, was born.
#OnThisDay
#BOTD
in
#ChineseHistory
: Su Shi #蘇軾 (1037–1101), aka 'Eastern Slope' #東坡, poet, politician, scientist, and a true '
#Renaissance
man' of the Song #宋. One of the most-cited authors in
#ChineseLiterature
, he also gave his name to a Hangzhou delicacy, Dongpo Pork Belly #東坡肉.
Check out The Cambridge World History of Slavery: 500-1420, with chapters on slavery in the Mongol Empire (Michal Biran) and
#MedievalChina
(Don Wyatt).
Happy (UK) publication day to The Cambridge World History of Slavery: 500 AD - 1420 AD. You can find links to the Table of Contents below. Further global distribution is subject to shipping. We could see availability in for North America in September.
1/
#BOTD
in
#ChinesePhilosophy
: Wang Shouren 王守仁 (1472–1529), aka Wang Yangming #王陽明, one of the principal exponents of Neo-
#Confucianism
#宋明理學. His theory of 'innate knowledge' #良知 and study of the mind #心學 put him in opposition to the then orthodox Cheng-Zhu school.
Beautifully illustrated translation of Rulin waishi 儒林外史 (The Scholars) by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang (Beijing Foreign Language Press 1957). Introduction replete with (almost) amusing Marxist clichés about Chinese feudalism but: who cares? It's only 5€.
#canhavenicethings
Every time I discuss
#periodisation
of
#Chinesehistory
with Western historians, they get very confused by the notion of dynasty. Whence did monarchical regimes in China acquire the label 'dynasty' (chao 朝/dai 代) in Chinese and Western discourses? Should we call them dynasties?
Milinda Banerjee, 'How "dynasty" became a modern global concept: Intellectual histories of sovereignty and property,' in Global Intellectual History (2020) (ahead of print)
One of the more interesting facts about the so-called
#GlobalMiddleAges
is that, while East Asian historians often use an emic framework of ca. 200–1000 for the medieval (zhonggu 中古), Western GMA folks insist on a Eurocentric "medieval millennium" of 500–1500.
#periodisation
I went to study in China from 2005 to '07 as a fully-funded
#DAAD
exchange student for one year (the second year was funded by
@studienstiftung
). Without
@DAAD_Germany
I would not have become the person I am today nor been able to pursue an academic career.
#IgotFundedByDAAD
Late to this but here are my 6 cents on Qin Dynasty Epic 大秦賦 (2020):
1) Its screenplay pushes the use of Literary Chinese 文言 in historical drama to new heights, which shows it's geared to a (university) educated audience. We've come a long way from the Four Olds 四舊.