A new study shows T-cell mimicry between AQP4 and AQP5: MHC-II priming against AQP5 can induce CNS inflammation in an AQP4+NMOSD model. This may help explain why Sjögren’s (AQP5-reactive) and AQP4-NMOSD often co-occur! 🔥 The T-cell era in autoimmune neurology keeps growing!

Fascinating. This is precisely the kind of insight I’ve always thought MS research needed to help complete the puzzle! And it’s so fresh it’s not even on PubMed yet! 😂

Although I like to use "amaurosis fugax" for vascular events, "amaurosis fugax dolorosa" is fascinating! A painful (headaches or periocular) transient monocular visual loss which may herald MOGAD optic neuritis. Not positional. Rare (2%), not one to miss! https://t.co/zX1RxaYaZe

Similarly to CASPR2, a great study from @LyonPNS_AE shows that HLA carrier status in LGI1 encephalitis shapes distinct disease biology — with different demographics and cancer frequency. Could this tumor association explain the worse prognosis in non-typical HLA carriers?🤔

What are the proposed mechanisms contributing to the manifestations of Anti-NMDAR encephalitis? https://t.co/wjuuG5NQJt

Nice #ImmunoStory in #MOGAD! B cells with extrafollicular signature markedly expand, pointing to germinal center–independent, short-lived antibody-secreting cells. Meanwhile,CXCR3⁺CD4⁺Tcells, primed for CNS homing, drop in blood and rise in CNS. Beautiful immune choreography 👏🏽

What if antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis could teach us how the brain works?🧬🧠 In anti-NMDAR encephalitis, immune attacks on NMDA receptors reveal their key role in memory, attention, and circuit reinforcement. Featured in @GreenJournal. #Neurology #NMDAR

Interesting idea👏🏽🤯 Lymphoplasmapheresis for AQP4+ NMOSD seemed to accelerate recovery vs. standard PLEX back in 2021‼️ Now, prospective data confirms recovery after lymphoplasmapheresis in the same disease. 🤔A pity there’s no PLEX comparator!#Neuroimmunology #KeepWorking

🚀 New technique from @unil, in @NatureComms: Neurons derived from patients’ own stem cells (matched HLA-I) to test CD8+Tcell reactivity. 👀 Neuron-reactive T cells appear at similar frequencies in health and CNS autoimmunity! 👏 Congrats for this elegant work #Neuroimmunology!

✅ ⚠️ Proper phenotyping in neurology is essential for accurate—and earlier—diagnosis. Amaurosis Fugax Dolorosa (just published in @GreenJournal) emerges as a new prodromic syndrome of #MOGAD optic neuritis—identified in 2.3% of cases in the @MayoClinicNeuro cohort! 👁️

After new #MultipleSclerosis diagnostic criteria in @TheLancet and validation studies at #ECTRIMS2025, more patients can now be diagnosed—and access treatment sooner! 🔝Pleased to see our study at @cemcat_em on Dissemination in Space in RIS incorporated into the MS criteria!

What an honor to celebrate @ECTRIMS in Barcelona—a city where Neurology is alive in every corner (and home to world-class Neuroimmunology departments)! #ECTRIMS2025

Well-deserved Denny-Brown Award for @Div_Dubey! A perfect match for an award honoring a pioneer in paraneoplastic syndromes Derek Denny-Brown. His work reflects the breadth of autoimmune neurology—spanning CNS, peripheral nerve, and muscle! #ANA2025

When tissue-based assays reveal a mystery pattern, what’s next? Using PhipSeq & HuProt arrays, Michael Gilligan (@MayoClinicNeuro) uncovered new specific antibodies in patients without a known autoantibody—advancing diagnostics when unclassified antibodies are found! #ANA2025

🚀Bispecifics engaging NK killing of PD-1+T cells can spare naïve T cells while trimming effectors—opening potential doors for #autoimmunity therapy! Cool proof-of-concept published in @FrontiersIn 🤔Wish they’d shown if EAE severity dropped & whether non-Ig formats cross the BBB

Progression independent of relapse activity in #MultipleSclerosis is not a disability sentence! Data from @MSBase_Registry: ~30% of PIRA events are not persistent, with lower disability and delayed SPMS conversion. Let’s bring hope to progressive patients, til treatments arrive!

Neuroimmunology isn’t simplistic! A clinical clue—↑ Tfr in MS activity—led researchers in EAE model to show that follicular regulatory T cells push B cells out of germinal centers, into the brain, where they can reignite encephalitogenic T cells. Nice story, solid study! #MS

⚠️Even in the era of cutting-edge diagnostics, the clinical story remains key to interpreting test results In @JAMANeuro, a methanol-associated optic neuropathy mimicked an inflammatory-like optic neuritis on MRI—a reminder that history still matters! #neurotwitter

🧠How do we organize a truly patient-focused day? At @MayoClinicNeuro, we hosted a #MOGAD Patient Day with @TheMOGProject! Physicians gained deeper insight into patient concerns, while patients received valuable info about their disease. A real two-way exchange! 🤝🤝

Despite falling as therapy for nerve injury, this study reveals fascinating mechanisms of CASPR2-mediated peripheral hyperexcitability. Mice overexpressing CASPR2 had less capsaicin pain—likely via TRPV1 neurons, also linked to CASPR2 in the cerebellum. Brilliantly explained!👏