Here is my response to that review in Nature. It is my response to all who assert that there is "no evidence" that social media is a substantial CAUSE of the teen mental health crisis, it's only an accidental correlate:
As a professor who favors free speech on campus, I can sympathize with the "nuanced" answers given by U. presidents yesterday, about whether calls to attack or wipe out Israel violate campus speech policies.
What offends me is that since 2015, universities have been so quick to…
The presidents of
@Harvard
,
@MIT
, and
@Penn
were all asked the following question under oath at today’s congressional hearing on antisemitism:
Does calling for the genocide of Jews violate [your university’s] code of conduct or rules regarding bullying or harassment?
The…
New Washington Post editorial: All schools should go phone free. Cites stunning stat that 97% of teens say they use their phones during school hours, esp. for TikTok. Phones are kryptonite for learning.
Parents: please send the editorial to school admins
A review in Nature, by
@candice_odgers
, asserts that I have mistaken correlation for causation and that “there is no evidence that using these platforms is rewiring children’s brains or driving an epidemic of mental illness.” Both of these assertions are untrue.…
It's official,
@AndrewYang
is running for mayor of NYC. I think he'll make a great mayor, bringing innovative policies evaluated empirically, not driven by ideology. I'm voting for him.
I moved to New York City 25 years ago. I came of age, fell in love, and became a father here. Seeing our City in so much pain breaks my heart.
Let’s fight for a future New York City that we can be proud of – together. Join us at
Here is a 14th explanation for the teen mental health crisis which does not work: parents are increasingly abusive since 2010 (they are not).
Nobody has yet proposed an explanation for the crisis that works--especially internationally-- other than the rapid teen transition from…
There was no sign of a teen mental illness epidemic until around 2012. Then liberal girls' rates started increasing. Then everyone else. Why?
@glukianoff
nailed it: Reverse CBT, as I explain here:
As professional societies become more ideological some will discipline members for statements that depart from the dominant ideology. This will undermine trust in the profession, as Ontario College of Psychologists is now doing with attempt to punish
@jordanbpeterson
for tweets
I wish I had not resigned from
@APA
in 2021 so that I could resign now.
This petition lays out the capture of APA by the oppressor/victim mindset, which is bad for psychologists, their research, their patients, and the country. I signed.
The "nation's report card" just came out. Scores dropping since 2020. But actually, 40 years of progress reversed in.... 2012, like so much else.
Get phones out of schools now.
In recent years, campus activists have praised "punching up." But when combined with academic identitarianism (in which power struggle among groups is the primary analytical lens), it justifies deliberately killing children--as long as they belong to a group that is seen as "up."
New study shows that TikTok and Insta trap young people, who feel they MUST use the platforms because… everyone else does. But if offered the chance to PAY to have everyone in their college delete the apps, most on TikTok, and half on Insta, would pay.
Also: most students say…
Why is antisemitism so common at universities, but not at other American institutions?
If you teach students academic theories that encourage them to hate groups and countries, you get students who can quickly learn to hate groups and countries.
How to reduce antisemitism on campus:
In 2018, Andrew Sullivan (
@sullydish
) warned that "we all live on campus now." He described the identitarianism that had captured elite schools, and he correctly predicted that it would soon spread beyond campus and change society in ways…
Timur is right. The reason why universities lost legitimacy so quickly after 2015 is that they embraced identitarianism, which is offensive to the great majority of Americans who believe in equal rights, equal opportunity, and e pluribus unum.
American universities lost their way when they started treating people as members of morally ranked identity groups. They will keep shocking the nation and continue losing legitimacy until they return to treating students and faculty as individuals enjoying equal rights.
Here's a great summary of the case for making all K-12 schools phone-free. Like me, the author could not find any serious arguments, laid out in writing, for the other side.
Phones in hands and pockets interfere with just about every goal of education
1. In my latest in
@TheAtlantic
, I show that evidence is strong (though not perfect) that Instagram contributed to the large and sudden rise in teen girls' depression that began around 2013. Strong enough for regulators to act now. The case is 4 steps
If you have not yet watched or read
@bariweiss
's recent speech, please do so. She offers the most succinct and illuminating analysis of the ideology that was nurtured on campus, escaped to the broader culture, and now celebrates Hamas.
At the Senate hearing with Meta, TikTok, X, Snap, and Discord CEOs. Wild angle Zuckerberg decided to take in his opening statement: “The existing body of scientific work has not shown a causal link between using social media and young people having worse mental health outcomes”
The teen mental health crisis was not caused by reality getting worse around 2012. Their material and physical health improved steadily. To paraphrase Epictetus: "It is not events which disturb teens. It is the device through which they interpret all events."…
1. In The Coddling,
@glukianoff
and I pointed to Instagram as a main suspect in the sudden rise of depression/anxiety among Gen Z girls that began around 2012.
New report: Facebook’s own internal research supports that hypothesis.
Adolescents get 237 notifications per day (median). 97% of them use their phones during the school day. There is not much attention left over for everything else.
This is madness. Schools can give them all 7 hours off, 5 days a week. Go phone free.
I believe that Twitter is bad for civilization, many people’s mental health, and my sabbatical. So for the next few months, I’ll try using it rarely, mostly to publicize events and praise people, books, and essays.
I have been away from Twitter for a while because of its intensifying nastiness. But I must share this essay by
@sullydish
, which lays out a vision of a liberal society, and explains how Twitter and current moral passions are pushing us away from it.
"The proliferation of smartphones and social media mean that young men and women now increasingly inhabit separate spaces and experience separate cultures."
Life after Babel.
NEW: an ideological divide is emerging between young men and women in many countries around the world.
I think this one of the most important social trends unfolding today, and provides the answer to several puzzles.
I offer more analysis of how universities betrayed their "telos" (central purpose) of truth in this lecture I gave at Duke in 2016. I predicted that "the conflict between truth and social justice is likely to become unmanageable." At
@HdxAcademy
When schools go phone-free, it is transformative. No school regrets it. Meg Oliver reports on one school, and the broader case for phone free schools: kids pay attention to each other, and their teachers. Kids come to love it:
Kids in religious families have fared better in the smartphone era, with smaller rises in mental illness.
@ZachMRausch
and I believe it is primarily due to being anchored in real-world communities with rituals and obligations, low anomie. Thanks
@frasernelson
...
A surprising result from Jonathan Haidt's research is that religion seems linked to better mental health in young people.
It's a rare chink of light in an otherwise bleak picture on the effects of smartphones on teenagers.
Here is still more evidence that when people have their phones with them, they are less likely to interact with others, and enjoy being near new people less.
To reduce loneliness among adolescents, get phones out of schools now.
Another school goes phone-free, another school finds overwhelming benefits from the policy. Students are more focused, calm, and sociable. Teachers no longer forced to be phone police; can focus on teaching.
Vertex Partnership Academies, via
@IanVRowe
A primary source of today’s much discussed mental health “crisis” among young people, is immediate access to mobile devices and the toxic social media apps that typically accompany them.
That’s why each morning at arrival at Vertex Partnership Academies, our virtues-based,…
Thread: In the early 2010s, something changed in the wiring of society, and things got weird -- first on campus, then everywhere. I've been struggling to understand it, writing a series of four articles in
@TheAtlantic
.
1) In 2015, with
@glukianoff
:
What should college presidents do now, as trust in higher ed falls toward zero? (It was quite high before 2015.) This list of 5 steps, from
@sapinker
, is exactly right. All 5 are essential. I hope students, faculty, and alumni will forward this to the leaders of their schools
The wrong way for the elite universities to dig themselves out their reputational hole: restrict speech even more. Instead:
1. Clear & coherent free speech policy.
2. Institutional neutrality: Universities are forums, not protagonists.
3. Force prohibited: No more heckler's…
.
@sapinker
is an exemplary academic, bringing interesting ideas to the public, with nuance. An "open letter" against him in part for tweeting academic studies is unfair.
I have yet to hear of a school that went truly phone free and did NOT find rapid improvement of school culture. Students talk to each other directly, bonds strengthen, cruelty drops.
@JonHaidt
We don’t just ban phones at Michaela. We have a serious policy on encouraging parents not to give smartphones to kids at home either. Makes a HUGE difference. All bullying and altercations start on social media. Kids are much happier and achieve more without them.
Announcing my new book!
The Anxious Generation: How the great rewiring of childhood is causing an epidemic of mental illness.
It will be published March 26.
Pre-order it here:
For a summary, see here:
Here's the most hope-giving event in higher ed in years: The launch of Austin U, a new U constructed around the telos of truth. I want my kids to go there. I am proud to be on the advisory board
The 2015 turn to identitarianism has been a disaster for universities (and for the country). When identity becomes the primary analytical lens and identities are ranked in value, conflict, confusion, and dishonesty are sure to follow.
If you reread the seminal Critical Race Theorists, you quickly see how ruinous applying their speech policing standards would be to today's Palestine-aligned activists.
In real conversations, speakers who frequently spout anger, contempt, insults, and obscenity are shunned. On Twitter, they are amplified. Twitter is not a public conversation, it’s a public coliseum.
@elonmusk
, please rethink the social incentives.
Wow, they turned my 293 page book into a 7 minute video! This is a really compelling telling of how the phone-based childhood replaced the play-based childhood, and what we must do now. Thanks
@kiteandkeymedia
!
@LetGrowOrg
You’ve probably heard a lot lately about Jonathan Haidt's argument that smartphones and social media are taking a toll on the mental health of young people.
But you may not have heard as much about the other problem he identifies: parents. Our new video explains.
This is what I've been trying to say: when you merge everyone and everything, you often find nothing. But when you zoom in on teen girls (especially in early puberty) you usually find a sudden change between 2010 and 2015.
The Coddling article went online 6 years ago today
@TheAtlantic
. Many said
@glukianoff
and I were cherrypicking rare examples, and this stuff would stay confined to campus. We predicted it would spread, to the workplace and to democratic debate:
TikTok harms kids in so many ways, and has so much influence over what they believe. It is insane that we let kids live on a platform that is legally bound to obey the CCP.
@RepGallagher
is right: Bytedance must sell it, or else America (or its parents) will need to ban it.
Social media CAUSES mental illness, especially heavy use, especially in girls. I lay out the longitudinal and experimental evidence for causality in my latest post at the After Babel Substack:
This is astonishing: A prediction from 1947 of what life would be like once everyone had a tiny portable TV in their pockets. He nailed it --watch the 1 minute video
In 1947, French science fiction writer René Barjavel was asked for a prediction of the future. He imagined a future with cell phones-like portable TVs and electronic communication in the film La télévision, œil de demain
We are seeing the full flowering of Great Untruth
#3
this week, from The Coddling: "Life is a battle between good people and evil people." It can lead otherwise good people to celebrate war crimes.
This is what happens when people buy into an ideology that divides the world into oppressor and oppressed groups.
Any act against the oppressor group is justifiable for all are evil. Any act by the oppressed group is noble.
There is no good or bad, just oppressed vs oppressor.
In the "post-Babel era" we desperately need information sources we can all trust. This is why I'm especially horrified by Google's super-ideological AI Gemini. I explain to
@joerogan
why I think that Google has become "structurally stupid" in the clip below:
Joe Rogan and Jonathan Haidt Highlight DEI's Influence On Google's Gemini and Microsoft's ChatGPT: "Structural Stupidity"
@joerogan
: "What's very bizarre with the initial implementation, specifically with Google's version, is that it's ideologically captured."
@JonHaidt
: "I'm…
Great 7 minute video on the mismatch between how boys learn and what schools make them do. And how we use Adderall to bridge the gap, rather than giving them what they need: more play, movement, and hands-on activity. From
@Robmontz
Thanks to
@joerogan
for letting me lay out my full story about teen mental health, and then pushing back on parts. I suggest 4 new norms to solve the problem. Joe fears we are too far gone to change these norms:
1. In an interview with
@lexfridman
, Mark Zuckerberg said that social media use is "correlated with lower polarization" and is "generally positive for [teen] mental health." Thank you, Lex, for letting me explain why Zuckerberg is wrong on both points:
Every parent, hell, every GenZer needs to read this as soon as possible. At risk of sounding pretentious, this book is both important and timely. Human beings have always grown to maturity through “play-based childhoods.“ We’ve now switched over to “iPhone-Tik-Tok-based…
In my forthcoming book I argue that parents have been overprotective about experience in the real world and not protective enough online.
This point is made powerfully by Elizabeth Hogben, age 16, about porn. She's a prize winner in
@TheFP
contest:
The most obvious reason all schools should be phone-free: phones reduce learning. How could they not? Don't they make it harder for you to focus?
It's happening all around the world, since 2012. Here's
@DKThomp
's report on the new PISA data:
No school ever regrets going phone-free.
Benefits are large and come quickly.
Tell the head of your child's school that you want kids to attend to each other, and to their teachers, not their phones.
I collect research on phone-free schools here:
@JonHaidt
@HelenRumbelow
A school gave lockable phone-pouches to kids to stop phone usage during school day.
Massive reduction in disruption, exclusions, truancy.
Big increase in student interaction, co-operation and play.
Joe Biden urged Americans to have faith that they could “overcome this season of darkness,” and pledged that he would seek to bridge the country’s political divisions in ways President Trump had not
I think the events of the past week on campus have shown that we need to return to the old-fashioned notion (pre-2015), that speech is not violence and violence is not speech. Let's focus our attention on constraining violence, not speech that someone has asserted is violence.
The cancellation of
@DorianAbbot
's talk at
@MIT
is the Platonic prototype of leadership failure. Leaders must learn that outrage on Twitter is vastly less significant than it appears. MIT's leaders chose short term relief and long term shame.
Still more evidence that we've finally reached the turning point on campus.
Academics will long study the madness of 2015-2022, and the starring role that social media played in it.
“Across the country, a growing number of administrations and faculties at universities are waking up to the realization that academic freedom needs to be protected, and that student outrage on social media should not dictate university policy.”
Some of my critics say that the global decline of suicide over the past 20 years contradicts my claims. When you mix everyone everywhere, it looks that way.
When you break groups out by age and sex, it supports my claims. Something changed in early 2010s:…
"But mom, everyone ELSE has a smartphone!"
How to solve the collective action problem of middle school students begging for smartphones. Four simple norms, from my talk at
@arc_forum
.
Norm
#1
: only flip phones before high school
"Don't give your kids a smart phone."
Is social media the cause of spiralling mental health? Listen to
@JonHaidt
speak with
@FraserNelson
about how we strengthen our social fabric.
#ARC2023
Well said,
@social_brains
. Public trust in higher ed plunged from 2015 to 2023, well before Oct 7. The surge of antisemitism, the shameful congressional testimony, and the excuses for plagiarism have brought us to rock bottom. Transformational reforms are needed.…
Academia is on the verge of having most of America turn against it and my progressive colleagues are in such a bubble they are just rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic not realizing that Claudine Gay is the canary in the coal mine. If we do not seriously reform, we will lose…
There is a growing awareness that the mental health problems of Gen Z were caused by 2 interacting factors: loss of childhood independence, and getting on social media in middle school. Here's a summary of the independence thread. Please visit and support
New from me: Researchers are beginning to ask if a lack of childhood independence plays a role in the mental health crisis. "Today’s 18-year-olds are like 12-year-olds from a decade ago. They have very little tolerance for conflict and discomfort."
.
@tylercowen
asks the best questions and pushes the libertarian critique of my work the furthest. I get a little worked up and even, nearly, curse. But all in a good way. This conversation is very different from all my other ones.
6. I can see no way to fix Instagram for minors. Any platform that encourages children to upload photos of themselves, to be rated and commented on by strangers, is likely to harm many kids. I wish I could raise my daughter in a world that had no such platforms.
Fathers, if play is not core to your relationship with your kids, don’t be surprised if they appear distant during the teen years. The neuroscience: fathers & children both get oxytocin spikes during play more than moms. “Joy” should be dad’s nickname~Dr. Anna Machin.
#DadsMatter
This essay on the decline of teen babysitters hits so many themes of The Anxious Generation: We don't trust teens to be competent; we don't know our neighbors.
If you want to help young people, hire a nearby 13 year old to babysit, or just help out.
Even if social media companies could reduce sextortion, CSAM, deepfake porn, bullying, self-harm content, drug deals, and social-media induced suicide by 80%, I think the main take away from those Senate hearings is: Social media is just not appropriate for children. Congress…
I have observed very little antisemitism in the academic world, in my 27 years as a professor. Why so much in the last 10 weeks?
I offer an explanation, using ch. 3 of The Coddling, to explain the origins of the oppressor/victim mindset.
@glukianoff
We need a strong norm: keep phones and social media out of middle school. Puberty is an extra-vulnerable time of increased brain plasticity. I made that case on
@RealTimers
, along with
@thelauracoates
. Please forward to middle school principals:
Is social media a major cause of the teen mental illness epidemic? Journalists often say "the evidence is just correlational." They are wrong. I lay out the longitudinal, experimental, and quasi-experimental evidence here. There's a lot of it now:
I'm collecting articles about schools that ban access to smartphones during the school day. Please send. So far they all report educational benefits. Are there any schools that found that learning (or anything else) suffered?
1. In the debate over whether social media caused the teen mental illness epidemic, the loudest voice is the complete absence of Gen Zers saying “no.”
I have spoken at many high schools. Not once did a student say that social media was on the whole good for them.
There was once a time when academics thought it was good to question orthodoxies. In recent years, expressing contrary views has become more dangerous.
Gen Z was doing very badly before COVID. Then COVID policies made their mental health much worse. We need to take kids' mental health into account for decisions going forward. Mental health is health.
“They will be paying for our generation’s decisions the rest of their lives”:
@JanCBS
explains why she thinks 2021's biggest underreported story was the devastating impact of COVID policies on children
I had been hopeful that this crisis might open up paths to an America that was less paralyzed by hyper-partisanship. But the President's "liberate" tweets frame a complex science/policy debate as evil oppressors vs. heroic victims. I am less hopeful today.
The spring semester at Harvard has begun, and I will be posting my lectures from Psy 1: Introduction to Psychological Science. Here's the introductory lecture (still working on improving the video quality):
Here's my latest talk on what happened to Gen Z and Anglo universities around 2014. Why did universities lose sight of the telos of truth and break up the virtuous triangle shown below?
Yes! 13 is way too young for kids to be on social media. Early puberty seems to be the most vulnerable period; rapid changes in identity and in frontal cortex. Let kids get through that. Raise the age to 16, and enforce it.
Here's a stunning essay by
@freyaindiaa
on how the new customizable AI girlfriends, marketed to men, will affect women. It's not just the customizable bodies and faces; its also the emotions and personalities that will warp real relationships:
We have overprotected our children in the real world while underprotecting them online. Play researcher Mariana Brussoni explains why this is a risky way to raise children.
We must give children the time, space, and freedom to engage in risky play. At …
Thread:
1. Today I’m launching the After Babel Substack. It’s about how recent changes in technology made so many things go to to hell in the 2010s, especially teen mental health and liberal democracies
This is extremely important: we must not let the culture war spill over into everyday life: restaurants, sidewalks, etc. We need a Geneva convention for the culture war.
How about this: Leave people alone as they live their lives, whether it's eating out, taking their kids to school, or commuting to work. There's no excuse for the increasing tendency of furious activists to harass anyone, much less ordinary folks minding their own business.
In the debate over TikTok, this study is super-relevant: TikTok traps young people; they say they'd PREFER to live in a world where it was never invented.
TikTok is a curse for Gen Z, overall, and a threat to national security. Please,
@SenSchumer
, bring the bill up for a vote.
New study shows that TikTok and Insta trap young people, who feel they MUST use the platforms because… everyone else does. But if offered the chance to PAY to have everyone in their college delete the apps, most on TikTok, and half on Insta, would pay.
Also: most students say…
Here's the best metaphor I've seen for why the business model pioneered by Facebook has been so damaging. From Gerd Gigerenzer. If only they had put the effort into micropayments, rather than ad markets.
This is a very interesting idea. If it were adopted by 10% of us (with a fairly high bar for personal insult), would it lead to system-wide operant conditioning for more civility on Twitter? Would everyone get a better public square?
I'm generally reluctant to block people.
But I've decided to adopt a new rule: Any personal insult results in an insta-block - whether it's directed at me, someone I like, someone I dislike, or just a random account I happen to come across.
This six second video illustrates one of the pathways that may connect social media use to the sudden and rapid rise in depression that hit teens, especially girls, around 2012.
Teen cosmetic surgery is at an all time high? I wonder why? apparently they bring their filtered pictures in to meet the surgeons as a prescription of how they wish to look. We have to stop using these apps for them, and for our own sanity. They are designed to create self hate.
High school students around the world got lonelier between 2012 and 2019.
@jean_twenge
and I found this in PISA data, and looked at what global trends correlated. Only smartphone & social media adoption. With links to larger reviews:
We're now seeing how identitarianism (making group-based identity the primary analytical and moral lens) has damaged academic culture. In a new paper,
@profyancey
shows how it also damages the mental health of those who embrace it.
At
@HdxAcademy
Here's my first full post on the new After Babel substack: I present the evidence that an epidemic of mental illness began among American teens around 2012.
It's not just changes in self-report.
And it's not just "kids these days."
However bad social media is for girls' body image and insecurities now, it's about to get a lot worse. Can't we at least let them get through most of puberty before immersing them in this?
To balance out my pessimism about the sociological and mental health effects of a few technologies, here is a powerful set of graphs about positive global health and quality of life trends, many from other technologies
“The world is full of problems, which people are often very aware of. But most people have no idea about the many improvements we have listed below, and therefore they lose hope for the future and think the world is doomed.” See full list here:
In 2018 I complained that no critics had said why
@glukianoff
and I were wrong, only why we were bad people. I wanted counterarguments. We still have not gotten any.
The mental health of Gen Z and the speech culture on campus have gotten so much worse since then.
@8thsummit
@wolfejosh
💯🎯 Here is
@JonHaidt
in 2018
@cwclub
talking about the Coddling of the American Mind and “How Colleges are Failing Kids.” Prescient is the best word to describe the book and talk.
A new report from the National Academies of Sciences was released yesterday on “Social Media and Mental Health.” The report documents substantial harms to adolescents and young adults across many domains.
And yet, despite this documentation, the report…
About that panel on sex that was accepted and then canceled by the American Anthropological Association:
@HdxAcademy
will host it online, Nov. 8.
HxA members get first registration. (So join HxA, or at least join our mailing list.)
Here is my first full talk summarizing The Anxious Generation, for an education audience (at
@ExcelinEd
, Nov. 16). I offer advice to teachers, principals, and state legislators, about making schools "phone free" and "play full." I suggest changes to norms and laws to solve…
If scholars scan each others' collective work—every word written or recorded—searching for the least charitable reading of every snippet, we can all destroy each other.