DNA and RNA stimulate the mammalian innate immune system through activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). DNA containing methylated CpG motifs, however, is not stimulatory. Selected nucleosides in...

Communication between the central nervous system and the periphery contributes to stress responses and mood disorders. In a recent issue of Cell, Schneider et al. report that psychological stress...

Recent studies revealed the existence of common principles of innate immune mechanisms across kingdoms and between the innate and adaptive branches of immunity in vertebrates. Lemaitre et al. discuss...

The role of IL-17 signaling in cancer remains convoluted due to its role in regulating the gut microbiome. In a recent issue of Cancer Cell, Chandra et al. demonstrate that microbially driven IL-17...

Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical for surveilling the tissue they drain. How LNs integrate and respond to complex cues in the situation of LN sharing between organs is unknown. Brown and Komnick et al....

Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines produce adaptive immune responses protective against COVID-19. Here, Pardi and colleagues review the innate immune-sensing pathways...

Wculek et al. uncover OXPHOS metabolism as a distinguishing feature among tissue macrophages in different organs in homeostasis. OXPHOS metabolism is required for maintenance of macrophage populati...

Fridman and colleagues review the role of tertiary lymphoid structures in the generation of T and B cell immunities in the context of cancer. Integrating insights from basic research and the clinic,...

DAMPs represent important mediators in inflammation and inflammatory disease. Zhou et al. summarize the conversion route, classification, cellular origin, and sensing of DAMPs and their role in...

Neuroanatomical barriers are defended by the immune system to safeguard the CNS parenchyma from pathogens. Ampie and McGavern review the anatomy and development of CNS barriers as well as their...

Pittet and colleagues review the current knowledge of DC-T cell interactions at both priming and effector sites of immune responses and discuss how insights from DC development, ontogeny, and...

Regulatory T (Treg) cell accumulation in tumors suppresses antitumor immunity, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, Moreno Ayala et al. show that CXCR3 expression on Treg cells puts...

Vaccines have stemmed many infectious diseases, but when SARS-CoV-2 emerged, traditional vaccine development would not have been fast enough. This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...

Glioblastoma is notorious for immunosuppression, but the mechanisms are unclear. Sattiraju et al. report that hypoxic zones in GBM attract and sequester tumor-associated myeloid cells and cytotoxic...

IL-17-blocking antibodies have shown little clinical effect in some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this issue of Immunity, Luo et al. demonstrate that SHP2-Act1 complexes can...

Macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract occupy different anatomic niches, where they are exposed to a variety of environmental cues and perform niche-specific functions. In this review, Boeckxsta...

Mulder et al. integrate 178,651 human mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) from 13 tissues across 41 datasets to generate a MNP single-cell RNA compendium (MNP-VERSE) that enables the definition of conser...

Conventional natural killer (cNK) cells are short-lived, circulating innate lymphocytes. Torcellan, Friedrich et al. demonstrate that cNK cells differentiate into long-lived, memory-like, tissue-re...

Activation of the peripheral immune system contributes to stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recently in Nature, Cathomas et al. demonstrate that stress-induced social avoidance is mediated by...

Fasting influences the distribution of leukocytes throughout the body, but its mechanisms and implications are only partly understood. Here, Janssen et al. reveal how fasting leads to homing of...

Females have greater immune responses to diverse antigens than males. Klein and colleagues review how signaling through receptors for estrogens, androgens, and progesterone directly regulate immune...

Manipulating exhausted T (Tex) cells has therapeutic implications. Pichler et al. found that the activating receptor, CD137 (4-1BB), was specifically expressed by Tex cells. CD137 signaling promoted...

The cGAS-STING pathway detects intracellular DNA and activates a potent antiviral response. Dvorkin and colleagues summarize recent insights into cGAS-STING biology and its role in host defense,...

Signals from the innate immune system initiate and guide adaptive immune responses. Barton and colleagues recount key discoveries leading to the current understanding of this communication and...

In this perspective, Ginhoux, Yalin, Dutertre, and Amit outline the past, present, and future applications of single-cell genomics in immunology and discuss how the integration of multiomics at the...

Improved understanding of how the lung stroma contributes to the development of an immunosuppressive pre-metastatic niche could potentiate new anti-cancer treatments. Here, Gong et al. identify...

Epithelial cells (tuft and goblet cells) interact with immune cells on the “inside” while secreting effector molecules into the topological “outside.” In this issue of Immunity, Zhao et al. investi...

Memory T cells comprise circulating and tissue-resident subsets. In this issue of Immunity, Evrard et al. generate an imputed high-dimensional, single-cell protein expression atlas of memory CD8+...

Aging induces cellular senescence of immune cells, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, Zhou et al. reveal that type 2 cytokine signaling protects macrophages from senescence by...

Obesity-induced chronic liver inflammation drives nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development; however, it remains unclear how such a low-grade inflammation is sustained in the liver. Wang et al....

CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic features and potential are found in various human cancers. Oh and Fong review the phenotypic and functional characteristics of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in non-cancer and...

The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) translates interferon signaling to regulate T cells. In this issue of Immunity, Lukhele et al. identify IRF2 in tumor-infiltrating...

Pittet and colleagues review the current knowledge of DC-T cell interactions at both priming and effector sites of immune responses and discuss how insights from DC development, ontogeny, and...

Immunotherapies against glioblastoma exhibit limited efficacy. Chen et al. examine the impact of immunotherapy in mesenchymal glioblastomas and find that αCTLA-4 treatment promotes tumor suppression...

Fridman and colleagues review the role of tertiary lymphoid structures in the generation of T and B cell immunities in the context of cancer. Integrating insights from basic research and the clinic,...

Despite barriers that isolate the intestinal lumen and compartmentalize the nervous system, some microbial molecules can penetrate these barriers to act directly on brain tissues. In this review,...

Chronic viral infection disrupts the ability to form long-lived B cell-mediated protective immunity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Cooper et al. demonstrate a key role of type I interferon (IFN-I)...

Delineating the lineage development of dendritic cells (DCs) is challenging as these cells show overlapping phenotypes with monocytes and other cells. Using single-cell sequencing and fate mapping...

Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) promote the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Faas et al. show that the alarmin IL-33 promotes a mitochondrial rewiring of macrophages and the...

Franken et al. examine the mechanisms that differentiate combined therapy with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-L1 from anti-PD-L1 monotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Single-cell...

Recent advances in the field of sepsis have revealed that subgroups of patients can be identified with distinct phenotypic and pathobiological features. van der Poll and colleagues review these new...

Giles et al. generated an epigenomic T cell differentiation atlas from healthy human donor (HD) blood. This atlas was used to (1) identify transcriptional and epigenetic modules in human CD8 T cell...

Macrophages of distinct origin and function populate tumors. Nixon et al. examine how cancer impacts mononuclear phagocytic antigen-presenting cells and find that monocyte-derived tumor-associated...

The role that B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays in selection within germinal centers (GCs) is not well understood. Here, Chen et al. demonstrate that BCR signaling is necessary for the survival...

Nutrition profoundly impacts the development and function of our immune system directly and via the microbiota. Developing a mechanistic understanding of this cross talk has great potential to...

Distinguishing between circulating (TCIRCM) and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells is challenging, particularly in tissues where they coexist. By profiling hundreds of surface proteins at the...

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine-induced immunity is thought to wane quickly based on short-term studies. Using longitudinal data, Srivastava et al. find that participants with hybrid immunity show...

(Immunity 55, 982–997.e1–e8; June 14, 2022)

The relevance of cross-dressing as an antigen presentation mechanism in antitumor responses is not fully understood. In this issue of Immunity, MacNabb et al. (2022) report that dendritic cells use...

Macrophages activated via the IL-4 receptor possess non-immune functions that support tissue homeostasis, but their specific role in aging is unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Zhou et al. show that...

Treg cells are an immunosuppressive lymphocyte subset essential for preventing autoimmunity. Dikiy and Rudensky review the mechanisms by which Treg cells prevent autoimmunity, mitigate inflammation,...

Differentiation states are delineated by different cell surface markers for murine and human T cells, which hamper cross-species translation of T cell properties. Zwijnenburg et al. demonstrate that...

Müller and colleagues showcase the enhanced capability of machine learning classifiers, which were trained using consistently processed multi-cancer genomic, transcriptomic, and neoantigen immunoge...

Adaptive immunity relies on interaction between diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and peptide antigens presented by MHC-II proteins. Stražar, Park, and Abelin et al. employ monoallelic immunopeptidom...

Although gasdermins are known to damage mitochondria during pyroptosis, the mechanism responsible and its importance in executing cell death are not known. Here, Miao et al. show that mitochondrial...

The cancer-immunity cycle provides a framework to understand the events that generate anti-cancer immune responses. Mellman, Chen, Powles, and Turley consider the last 10 years of research in cancer...

The mechanism of action of nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines is unknown. Alameh et al. demonstrate that LNPs can possess adjuvant activity and promote robust induction of Tfh cell, B cell, and...