Andrés Pertierra
@ASPertierra
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Historian of Cuba. LatAm & Caribbean History PhD Candidate @UWMadison . Bylines: @thenation @DissentMag I’m on BlueSky
La Habana, Cuba
Joined September 2013
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My Cuba piece on the July 11 protests is now live over on Dissent! Please check it out
The July 11 protests fused economic and political grievances. A struggle is taking place in Cuba over what happens next.
By
@ASPertierra
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Latino isn’t a race, it’s a broad cultural identity that includes white people. LatAm also has centuries of explicitly white supremacist laws & policies
Also this isn’t some rando Op-Ed, Geraldo Cadava is a historian of right wing Latinos in the US. This is literally his beat
They’re doing it. They’re making Latinos white.
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I wonder how many weird anecdotes like this are just jokes that got lost in translation as “ah, the local primitives and their quaint beliefs”
“He can talk but he prefers not to just in case they force him to work” sounds like a joke somebody would come up with today
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Calling it “homemade” makes it sound like bootleg moonshine cooked up in somebody’s basement instead of the product of a decades old biopharma sector.
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The evolution of 'cultural appropriation' to potentially include 'white guy going to an Asian grocery store' is a great example of how once an academic concept goes mainstream it often loses any relationship to its original meaning
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In his 30s Julius Caesar supposedly came across a statue of Alexander the Great and broke down weeping, saying Alexander had already conquered so much by Caesar’s age while Caesar had hitherto done little by comparison
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Tbh I’d love to read a book that’s just a long catalogue of all the powerful foreign leaders and their family members who ended up in random places in the US
Stalin’s daughter ended up in a town of less than 10,000 in Wisconsin
Fun fact: 100 years ago today, the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished. Its last heir, Ertugrul Osman, moved to NYC in 1939 and lived in a rent-controlled unit on the Upper West Side until his death in 2009. His wife, Zeynep Hanim, is an Afghan princess. The rent was $390 per month.
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God is sending America strong signs to tell us to repent.
Earthquakes and eclipses and many more things to come.
I pray that our country listens. 🙏
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Spain doesn’t get massive wealth from the colonization of the Americas. A small elite does and most of the money goes to the rest of Europe to pay for imports or pay the salaries of all their armies, many of which had huge non-Spanish contingents
Empire made Spain poorer
"Spain was a shithole for 400 years"
> colonizes an entire continent
> gets massive wealth from it
> Spanish tercios dominate Europe militarily for over a century
> Be a major power until Napoleon ruins you for good
Most historically informed western communist
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The Aztec practice of human sacrifice (terrible as it was) wasn’t why the Spanish invaded Mexico, destroyed Tenochtitlan, forced them into vassalage to the king of Spain & enslaved thousands upon thousands of natives
This is a retroactive justification for wanting money & power
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“Uh, let me be clear. The Westerners will not introduce more opium into the Middle Kingdom”
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Briefly confused until I remembered that Brazil has a massive historic Japanese population, so this is probably just ethnic Japanese emigrating back to Japan
For a second there I thought it was Brazilians so obsessed with anime that they’d begun migrating to Japan in big numbers
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“How will people know this is set in Mexico?”
“We’ll have a note at the bottom specifically saying it’s set in Mexico”
“No, there needs to be a clearer visual clue”
“Like what?”
American cartoon (1961) depicting Trotsky's assassination.
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Medieval theology students finding out what medieval peasants actually believed:
when a group of Bible & theology students watch the Left Behind movies
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Math faculty at the university of Havana remains probably the prettiest space on campus
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I mean, they were right, and time has only proven them more right, so it’s weird you guys are still obsessing over them
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Fallout: New Vegas fandom is a pretty definitive case study debunking the idea that if you write about fascism well enough the fascists will be understand that they're the bad guys in your fictional world and will be repelled by what you've made
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Together with the Walmart tweet there’s a very specific kind of person online who is constantly fuming about this point because it’s absolutely true
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It seems unhealthy and bad that people are still obsessing over a random TikTok person who posted a video four years ago that was right but delivered in a way that they found cringe
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I remember when Cuban academics first discovered z-library and sci-hub. After years of falling way behind because nobody could afford books that weren’t gifts from visiting academics or the occasional rare boom bought abroad, z-lib caused a small revolution
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every time this video circulates on here I think about how they compare a Che shirt in a Cuban household to "wearing a Hitler shirt" in a Jewish household and how outrageous a comparison that is even in the most negative version of what Che Guevara's life
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Rarely has a skeptical public been so thoroughly vindicated as when most people responded to NFTs with “that makes no sense” and despite a massive amount of publicity to get people to invest they fizzled out within a year
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Genuinely getting so tired of this. Most Germans who emigrated to Latin America did so as part of the same pre-WWII wave of European emigration to the Americas that brought Germans to places in the US, like the Midwest.
Also, some 20th century German immigrants were German Jews!
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It really sucks that such a beautiful and interesting country is run by a bunch of religious fanatics who lack any compunctions about shooting up protesters and whose thugs beat women for refusing to wear head coverings
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Bolivia still has a navy despite losing access to the pacific way back in the 19th century
Supposedly the ambassador of the Argentine military junta asked the Bolivian admiral why they bothered with a navy
The admiral replied “and what are you doing with a Ministry of Justice?”
Czechs greet each other with the nautical ‘ahoj’, Hungary’s longest serving leader leader was an admiral, and two huge pillars in front one of Austria’s most famous churches symbolise the pillars of Hercules separating the Mediterranean and Atlantic. All three are landlocked.
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As low as my expectations were for musk’s tenure I wasn’t expecting him to be actively undermining the democratic transfer of power in Brazil, which Bolsonaro is acquiescing to under strong international and domestic pressure, by fueling far right conspiracy theories
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Finally got internet on my phone now that I’m in Cuba.
Trying to not use it up too quick so just popping in for a bit
Country is at the lowest point that I’ve ever seen. It was bad when I visited two years ago but much worse now. Econ crisis is devastating
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Peruvian dictator under whose rule horrific human rights abuses were committed, including the forced sterilization of native women, opens a tiktok account
Alberto Fujimori, former President of Peru, announces his comeback into social media through his new TikTok account.
Fujimori wants to use it to expand upon the judicial defense of himself, he was previously in jail due to human rights violations.
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Because they need to delegitimize her as a symbol of how you can be a leftist and participate in politics
AOC as a symbol is a threat to fringe ideologies who see any engagement with electoral politics as necessarily impotent and morally bankrupt
Like why is there such a large group of "leftists" (usually Jimmy Dore/Assange fans) who think AOC is the worst person in politics and focus so much on attacking her
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I listened to the 4 hour video essay on Youtube plagiarism over several days and the thing I'm most stuck on isn't the plagiarism itself
It's that some guy managed to make 170k/y reading out decades old cultural analysis critiques about Disney movies in a flat tone for hours
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The Austronesian maritime migrations and trade networks are one of the coolest parts of history
Like, look at this. Keep in mind that lots of peoples around the world spent millennia basically just hugging the coast! Navigation like this was unimaginable for many
fuck the Roman Empire how often do you think about the Polynesian migrations
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Finding out that the friendly term ciao derived from Italian for “slave” blew my mind
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Simón Bolívar mini-series that starts and ends with him as a broken man dying of tuberculosis on his doomed voyage along the river Magdalena, with the rest of the series a long flashback
“America is ungovernable; those who served the revolution have plowed the sea.”
With today's premiere of "Franklin" on
@AppleTV
starring Michael Douglas as Benjamin Franklin, we want to know: What other Revolutionary figure would you want to see depicted in a TV series or movie? 🤔
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The fact that countries in the late 19th century went around using the latest naval tech to forcibly seize islands covered in bird droppings so high that you had to excavate many feet deep to reach soil feels like a bit of magical realism out of Gabriel Garcia Marquez
TIL that the United States controls an island between Haiti and Jamaica called Navassa Island and that we have been in an over 150 year dispute with Haiti over control of the island. The United States took possession of the island through the Guano Islands Act
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The Stalinist who walked through a Ukrainian neighborhood in NYC with an edgy shirt making fun of the holodomor, and then posted a selfie to make sure people knew he’d done it, is apparently worth a quarter of a billion dollars. Incredible
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Tbh it’s actually worrying that various candidates need to keep herding together an anti-Fujimori vote to stave off the daughter of the dictator from the 1990s who forcibly sterilized thousands of native women
At some point you NEED to realize you're just not built for this
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Like the US during the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, countries like Cuba, Argentina, & Brazil all had major programs to encourage specifically white immigration to whiten their pops, and even those that failed used Japanese immigration to ‘improve’ their pops
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This is the future book cover of somebody’s book at a university press on trump’s successful mobilization of right wing Asian diasporas
My favourite imagery from Jan 6th will always be the inexplicable flag of South Vietnam.
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Look, I get this sounds weird if you know nothing about Latin America or how race/racism works among Latinos in the US, but maybe don’t screenshot and mock a national expert using your professional account next time
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Napoleon III is one of those figures whose long term legacy in history is almost entirely build on the things he failed at (invasion of Mexico) or inadvertently allowed (unification of Germany)
We all live in a world shaped in part by his staggering incompetence
what a fucking joke Napoleon III was. Imagine telling a guy in 1815 that oh yeah, there's another Napoleon out there. and he's also gonna become emperor in the wake of a republican revolution. And he's gonna really suck at it
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Marx is consistently a pretty great writer when he was writing stuff that was actually meant to be read
A lot of the incomprehensible stuff he's infamous for are mostly notes he never intended for publication, or just political economy writings not intended for a wide audience
Did Marx put his entire literary ability into these two paragraphs? Dude coined two legendary aphorisms in a row and then proceeded to write incomprehensibly for the rest of his career
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The essentialization of colonizer vs native difference as some intangible metaphysical essential truth has been a major net negative for people's ability to critically analyze real world problems
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Napoleon at Waterloo:
The haters said I couldn’t do it. And they were correct. Honestly great call from the haters
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The inquisition interrogating a 16th century miller in northern Italy; “wtf do you mean that the universe is like cheese and the angels are like worms moving through the cheese?!? What does that even mean?!?”
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Race functions in a different way from the US, with people who have clear non-white ancestry being able to assimilate into being white through intermarriage, wealth, and cultural attitudes
E.g. Trujillo in the DR was virulently anti-Haitian black while also part black himself
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I have lived in Cuba for five years, graduated with honors from Cuba’s premiere university with a degree in Cuban history, and have spoken to more Cubans in a year than you will in your lifetime
@ASPertierra
@zacharycrouch91
You people are nothing but pathetic reactionaries who don't actually listen to the people of Cuba but sure keep going on about your ignorance of liberalism.
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The single worst Bernie 2020 hire by a mile and it’s not even close
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@dabrood
Also true! Iirc there’s a Roman emperor whom the text says was “struck by lightning” but there’s a scholarly debate over whether modern readers took this literally rather than as a tongue in cheek to say he was assassinated by his men
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Whiteness is vibe check based and who counts vs who doesn’t changed over time based on various subjective factors. It’s all made up
Lucille Ball’s relationship with Desi Arnaz was considered edgy back in the day bc despite being white he was a white Cuban
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I do think that there’s a really oversimplified understanding of how Europe became wealthy (based almost purely on extractivism) that some people should grow beyond, but this just strikes me as oversimplifying in the other direction.
It’s clearly a mix of both
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Bob Menendez’s family (like Marco Rubio’s) emigrated under Fulgencio Batista, not Fidel Castro
Not seeing anything about the family’s wealth being confiscated, and not sure there was much to confiscate to begin with; they were a carpenter and seamstress respectively
Sen. Menendez says at press conference implies cash seized at his home was withdrawn over 30 years "from my personal savings account, which I have kept for emergencies and because of the history of my family facing confiscation in Cuba."
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It really blew my mind when I was studying Russian here at UW-Madison and one of my TAs explained that she was an ethnic Korean who was born in Kazakhstan because of Stalin’s mass relocation of Koreans in the 1930s
He apparently didn’t trust the Koreans to fight the Japanese
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The French monarchy getting to put a Bourbon on the Spanish throne after two centuries of war with Habsburg Spain
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Every time someone posts this my first thought is always how much he looks like Robin Williams
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Right wing Cuban American politicians whose families fled Batista can’t seem to control themselves when it comes to rewriting family history to make it sound like they fled communism after 1959, for street cred
Cruz is being coy about it, but Rubio straight up lied for years
66 years ago today, my father arrived in America.
He had been imprisoned & tortured in Cuba, and America gave him freedom.
He came to Texas; he spoke no English and washed dishes making 50 cents an hour.
God bless America, the greatest Nation on earth.
🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸
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I get that this is a joke but the area studies centers built by the US gov during and after WWII were unironically funded/made bc the US suddenly became a superpower and needed people who understood foreign countries well in order to inform & sometimes even staff gov agencies
CIA, please, if you’re listening: the academic job crisis in literature is also a national security problem! How do you expect us to hold Taiwan if our officers have never read the “Once more unto the breach” speech in Henry V? Please fund our public universities! Thanks!
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True, the key context here is that a neo-Nazi who isn’t white by US standards committed a hate crime and the right is trying to say that despite the Swasticas and SS tattoos the guy wasn’t actually a white supremacist
@ASPertierra
Also let's not be cute here: "Latinos CAN'T be white" is a deliberate lie used by right-wingers to deny the fact that they are very busy courting white latino voters.
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Every time I see people jump to conclusions about a Latin American with a German sounding last name, implying they’re clearly a Nazi, I think about the time twitter harassed some poor Argentine woman in a commercial only to find out she was a descendant of Holocaust survivors
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Apparently there’s a musical movement in Peru called Qpop
It emulates the aesthetics and musical styles of K-pop, but it’s done by indigenous Quechua speakers
In an added twist the biggest band’s lead singer is named *Lenin* Tamayo
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Genuinely curious how this type of guy squares the period of imperial decline coinciding with the rise of Christianity in the empire
Mike Johnson: “The fall of Rome” happened because they “condoned” gay people
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And Alexander was obsessed not with an empire but with the Iliad, with his personal copy carried with him by his army across the levant, North Africa, and into modern day Afghanistan and Pakistan
He wanted to be like Achilles
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On the flipside, it's also - imho - pretty low stakes that young well meaning people are saying dumb things like this. Every generation says/does incredibly dumb, though well meaning, things, but previous gens had the benefit that most of ours weren't immortalized by the internet
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Columbus didn’t even create a functioning colony in Hispaniola, the island that he actually colonized
His government was so inept and chaotic that he was arrested for mismanagement and abusing colonists, sent back to Spain in chains, and stripped of his governorship
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Holding up Bolsonaro because he was in the army during the Brazilian fascist military junta (from which he was expelled for plotting a false flag terror attack) and Lula (for going to jail for resisting that same military junta) isn't the own Visegrád thinks that it is
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the three types of historian arguments
1) it's more complicated than that
2) it started earlier/later than we thought
3) thing A and thing B, hitherto understood as separate, are actually connected
Being a historian is just saying “actually it’s more complicated than that” over and over again until you die.
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Allende was undemocratic because he won by a plurality in a democratic election that followed the constitution and electoral rules that existed in Chile at the time.
Not an especially convincing counterargument, but it’s memorable, I’ll give it that
The median Chilean voter in 1970 was a centrist, but through an anti-democratic quirk in their electoral system they wound up with a Marxist president who started nationalizing industries without support from a center-right congress
"Democratic" my ass
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“Nationalism is manufactured out of the past and, on the contrary, the past is the raw material for nationalism. And I am bound to say that virtually everything that nationalists say about the past is wrong.” - Eric Hobsbawm
Think for one moment. In every single war that America has fought, we have never asked for land afterward—except for enough to bury the Americans who gave the ultimate sacrifice for freedom.
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“Terrified by the 1917 Russian revolution, government officials came to believe that communism could be defeated in the United States by getting as many white Americans as possible to become homeowners - […] those who owned property would be invested in the capitalist system”
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My favorite anecdote about the homogenization (invention really) of 'national' languages from regional dialects is Hobsbawm's anecdote about the unification of Italy.
Savoyards visiting Sicily spoke an Italian so different from locals that locals thought it was English.
It is wild to think that in 1794, only 12% the population of France spoke French.
Tbf, many others spoke languages closely associated with it, but still.
In the same year, about 14% percent of the population of the Habsburg Empire spoke German.
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After serving as Napoleon’s puppet king of Spain, Joseph Bonaparte lived in exile at a mansion in New Jersey for a while
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“In the 1980s about 30 percent of Russians lived in poverty; during the 1990s, 70-80 percent did so”
Jesus Christ
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The more I read about Cortes and Pizarro successfully toppling the Aztecs and Inca, the more it makes sense in certain aspects (lots of native allies, disease often helping destabilize native societies, etc) while still being incredible in others (lots of luck, stubbornness, etc)
Whenever I've read about Cortez conquering Tenochtitlan, I always have this moment where I'm like "OK, but... why did that work? Shouldn't Montezuma just have easily killed him and his men?" Like, I just don't understand the mechanics. Part of this is that I've not read enough.
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congrats to Chile on overturning Pinochet's constitution
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This isn’t the origin of latinx though. It’s an LGBT activist term, meant to create more inclusive language, not an academic term, solely for academic consumption, foisted on Latinos. That’s the framing pushed by right wing Hispanics whose real beef is gender inclusive language
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Settler colonialism has suffered the same fate as every other academic concept once it hits popular usage in that its meaning becomes purely about vibes
dogs in large cities are essentially settler-colonial
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@lesbian_rod
Messing with foreigners who don’t know better and who take it as gospel is a long and storied tradition going back to Herodotus
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I don’t know how it’s possible to come to the conclusion that Trump isn’t a massive departure from his predecessors unless you fundamentally don’t read any news outside of what your friends say on social media and YouTube video essays filmed by randos in their mothers’ basements
Trump isn’t so bad. I said it. He’s no significant departure from any other president we’ve had in recent history. You’re a fool to think otherwise
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Reading a NATO history a few months back one of the themes was how in the early decades NATO kept coming close to falling apart but the USSR’s invasions of its satellites, like Hungary Czechoslovakia, kept bringing NATO members back to the bargaining table
Soviet/Russian leaders are very unusual people. Nobody killed more communists than Stalin, and nobody did as much for NATO as Putin.
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>"Traditional" [Old World country] cuisine
>Requires vegetables only native to the New World
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It's like how tone policing went from 'don't use someone's anger/tone to dismiss often real grievances' to a way to shut down anyone for daring to ask you to speak to them with even a modicum of respect/humility/understanding
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He deleted it but Bevins is correct here, both generally and in the specific case of the Cold War.
It’s a mistake to see ideology as just a purely cynical cover when the whole purpose of an ideology is to smooth over contradictions and justify/cover up self-interest
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My .02 is that no, they aren’t trying to ban TikTok because of some leftist tiktok 20 something doing political skits to a camera in their bedroom
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Being in Cuba and talking to everyday people is just a litany of reminders of how sanctions hurt people just trying to live their lives who have nothing to do with politics
Musician’s accounts banned from bandcamp & Spotify
Poet couldn’t transfer money direct from an award
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Being cuban American, the Cuban Americans who just arrived in the US via special carve outs for Cubans turning hard core anti-immigrant before they even have their own citizenship application processed are especially maddening to me
I know a guy who illegally came to America from Mexico when he was a kid. Whole family were illegal Mexicans. Idk his legal status right now. Served in the Marines. He is like super hardcore pro-Trump now. Posts on Facebook about deporting the illegals and how we’re full lmao
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Old Testament has negative undertones I wasn't aware of.
Tanakh/'Hebrew Bible' angel is apparently a more respectful way to say it
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You also had Japanese samurai in colonial Mexico working as hired muscle to protect overland shipments of precious metals mined by Incas and imports from China handled by Filipinos against bands of Mexica and African bandits who lived free on the margins of colonial society
Sometimes I think I have a good grasp on some period of history and then I run into a ridiculous piece of information that destroys my entire framing.
For example, Aztecs, samurai, Ottomans, and Spaniards shared the same battlefield… in the Philippines.
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Cuba only had a population of 11.2 million in 2021, meaning that almost 4% of the entire population of Cuba has emigrated *just* to the US and *just* in the past two years
Given that many migrants will be young, working & childbearing age this has massive implications for Cuba
Nearly 425,000 Cubans have migrated to the U.S. in the past two years, U.S. figures show. The stunning figure is akin to a scenario where all the residents of the central province of Cienfuegos packed up and abandoned the island.
#Cuba
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@ShazCoder
They said Biden sucks but Trump is a fascist and we need to organize against the possibility of a fascist consolidating power
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According to Raymond Carr’s great history Spain 1808-1975, even by the early 20th century much of Spanish ag was both pre-modern and lacking in even basic irrigation
Centuries of importing treasure from the Americas also raised nominal wages which crippled manufacturing
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Cuba basically did this years ago. The real estate market was banned, and instead you had to trade one unit for another (permuta).
There’s a whole sub-genre of Cuban movies about how difficult it was to negotiate trades (sometimes involving multiple households)
Alright alright y’all, everyone who’s replying to me, you got me. I’m sorry.
This proposal wasn’t revolutionary enough.
More accurate position: all housing is nationalized and distributed to the rule that everyone gets what they need before anyone gets what they want.
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The Guatemalan gov sent a special forces coronel to firebomb my dad’s car in DC in 1996, which he did, and we kept the melted trash can for a decade and a half.
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Che Guevara helped to popularize the idea that small guerrilla bands could successfully defeat far larger professional armies based on his misreading of the success of Cuba’s guerrilla movement, which was successful but only because Batista lacked legitimacy/support by the end
there is this idea on the left that guerilla forces inevitably overcome much more powerful armies in the field in offensive warfare
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Btw, since this thread is taking off, this is Cadava’s book on Hispanic Republicanism in the US
It’s more focused on political ideology than race, but it’ll still be interesting for most
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One came back to Cuba with almost a terabyte of books across the social sciences that they’d downloaded while abroad. They then shared it widely in their department. People could suddenly keep up with their fields again for the first time in years
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The clear answer still seems like Columbus: it’s like if a used car salesman pitched space colonization project and somehow got the green light but accidentally lucked his way into finding a stable wormhole that transported people to new habitable worlds
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Whoever comes back from Cuba and tells you that the stands are full of food and everything is affordable is either naive and uninformed or lying for political reasons. Maybe a mix of both
Cuba needs aid ASAP
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From his tweets in defense of the piece the author’s arg boils down to two key premises
1) treaty of Tordesillas shows intent to colonize (true through as impotent as Monroe Doctrine back in the 1820s)
And (much weirder)
2) trading concessions are colonialism
Japan wasn't colonized in any meaningful sense by "Western" powers at any point in its history. European merchants were present in Japan during the period depicted and they even owned some land, but they were very much subject to the will of local daimyo and later the shogun. 1/
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