Ed Hawkins
@ed_hawkins
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Climate scientist, NCAS/University of Reading | IPCC AR6 Lead Author | MBE | Warming Stripes: https://t.co/RHRXsr7zE5 | Views own
Joined September 2009
If you want to find me on other media sites:. BlueSky: LinkedIn: Instagram:
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Why are we still building housing developments with gas for heating, no solar panels on roofs and no cycling infrastructure?.
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BREAKING: the White Cliffs of Dover have been illuminated with the UK 'warming stripes' for #ShowYourStripes day!. These stripes represent the UK average temperature from 1884 to 2022 with blue colours for colder years and red colours for hotter years.
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Answers to FAQs:.1) Yes, the sun's output varies slightly.2) Yes, the climate has changed before.3) Yes, we've considered that.4) Physics.5) No, we're not getting rich from this.The answer is still: humans are responsible for nearly all of the warming over the past 150 years.
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Surprising. Astounding. Staggering. Unnerving. Bewildering. Flabbergasting. Disquieting. Gobsmacking. Shocking. Mind boggling.
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Spiralling global temperatures from 1850-2016 (full animation)
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Climate change conversations during live commentary of tonight’s @ManUtd vs @ReadingFC football match because of the ‘warming stripes’ sleeves design on the Reading kit. Thank you @sammatterface & @itvfootball.
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The climate is changing. And it’s not just about changes in temperature. We see changes in the ocean, the atmosphere & the land surface. Many of these trends are unprecedented in human history.
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Visualising global temperature change since records began in 1850. Versions for USA, central England & Toronto available too:
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Why heavy rainfall on very dry ground is not helpful.
In this experiment Dr Rob Thompson of @UniRdg_Met shows just how long it takes water to soak into parched ground, illustrating why heavy rainfall after a #drought can be dangerous and might lead to flashfloods. @R0b1et @UniRdg_water
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1. Global warming will continue until we reach net-zero. 2. The climate consequences will keep getting worse until we reach net-zero. 3. After reaching net-zero we will have to live and suffer in a warmer world for generations. Do we act now or delay further?
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Wildlife populations have plummeted by 73% since 1970. An update to the biodiversity stripes by @findingnature.
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Yes, the climate has always changed. But, the speed of recent change is unprecedented. More importantly, we understand why. Burning fossil fuels & deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere which warms the planet. Simple physics. Understood for more than a century.
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Climate change is simple. We started burning fossil fuels during the industrial revolution, adding extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. As a direct consequence - due to well understood physics - global temperatures started to increase. We are now experiencing the consequences.
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Mapping changes in temperature: every year from 1850 to 2022
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Just FYI: #IPCC authors are volunteers. We do not get paid to be an author. It means taking on an enormous number of extra hours on top of our 'day jobs'. We do this because we want to give policymakers the evidence they need to take the right decisions.
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For those who don’t want to ignore the science or ignore the data.
Please ignore the science, ignore the data. Climate alarmists have a political ideology to promote, and facts can’t get in the way….
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Everyone realises that by reducing our carbon emissions we are only stopping the planet from getting warmer, rather than actually cooling the planet, right?.
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2023 was the warmest year on record globally by a large margin. Another dark red stripe gets added, though I think I need a new colour. #ShowYourStripes
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Global temperatures in 2023 are extraordinary. The various different datasets available all agree on this. We are breaking records by shocking amounts. Graphic by @micefearboggis
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The clock of climate change is ticking ever faster towards midnight. We are simply not reacting quickly enough and we cannot be anything less than courageous and revolutionary in our approach to tackling climate change.
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Reminder: climate change is making extreme rainfall more intense & more frequent. This will continue until greenhouse gas emissions reach ‘net-zero’. After that, it will not get better, it will just stop getting worse. The earlier we act the less bad the consequences. Stay safe.
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The planet is warming. Every country is warming. We're already experiencing the consequences. Burning fossil fuels has caused this. The consequences get worse for every bit of warming. Our choices determine how bad it gets. #ShowYourStripes
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Mesmerising animation, made by @anttilip, shows how temperatures have changed in each country since 1900. Lots of variations & warming trend
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Delighted that the Warming Stripes were chosen for the cover of @GretaThunberg's new book. These 172 coloured stripes represent how global average temperatures have increased from 1850 to 2021. Billions of observations taken by many thousands of observers in one simple graphic.
Finally we can reveal the cover for the Climate Book! The Warming Stripes graphic by @ed_hawkins on the cover shows the dramatic heating of the planet in recent decades. The book contains essays from over 100 leading experts and voices. It will be released this October.
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Is any UK newspaper brave enough to put the UK Warming Stripes (1884-2018) on their front page tomorrow to inform the public and to support the #ClimateStrike?
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Since the 1860s the science community has understood that adding more carbon dioxide & other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere would warm the climate. In 1938, @GuyCallendar first linked the burning of fossil fuels to the observed rise in CO₂ levels & global temperatures.
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Observed temperature changes for 196 countries around the world paints a stark picture. Everywhere is warming. Risks from heatwaves are increasing. Impacts on people & ecosystems are intensifying. Halting the warming requires rapid cuts in carbon emissions.
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Tomorrow, @IPCC_CH will release the Synthesis of the 6th Assessment, summarising all six of the previous component Reports. There will be no surprises. Human activities, mainly burning fossil fuels, have already warmed the climate by more than 1°C, causing severe impacts.
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Does this mean that Universities cannot recruit overseas academics with recent PhDs as postdoc researchers? (Salary starts at £34k for postdocs here).
Salary threshold for skilled worker visas to rise to £38,700 under government plans to cut legal migration levels. Follow live
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Warmer is red.Cooler is blue.We know the world is warming.And so should you. #climatevalentine
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The last four years have been the four warmest on record for the planet #climatechange #StateOfClimate
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How have global temperatures varied over the past 2000 years?
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A new design concept for the #warmingstripes by @alxrdk showing how the stripes could evolve out to 2200, depending on emission choices
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To avoid reaching global temperature levels such as 1.5°C there is a limited amount of carbon dioxide we can emit into the atmosphere. We are rapidly using up this 'carbon budget', mainly by burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
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Global temperature change (1850-2023). Updated to include October 2023, showing 5 record warm months in a row. #ClimateSpiral
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Global temperature change from 1850-2018 . Download and use similar graphics for virtually every country: . #ShowYourStripes
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Two inaccuracies here:. (1) We have *already* changed the chemical makeup of the atmosphere enough to induce meaningful changes to the climate by burning fossil fuels. (2) Deforestation and agriculture do also add significant quantities of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
@MuskUniversity Important to note that what happens on Earth’s surface (eg farming) has no meaningful impact on climate change. Overwhelmingly, the risk of climate change is due to moving billions of tons of carbon from deep underground into the atmosphere. Over time, if we keep doing this,.
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On Thursday #StormCiaran is forecast to cross southern England. The track is still a bit uncertain but will bring very strong winds to southern areas. At around 953mb this will likely be the lowest or second-lowest sea level pressure observed in this region in the last 200 years.
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July was hottest month ever for human civilisation because of burning fossil fuels. Every new oil & gas license makes it harder for world to reach net-zero emissions & so stop global warming. Every delay in stopping global warming means worse climate impacts & more suffering.
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The new RRS Sir David Attenborough gets officially named today. Although #BoatyMcBoatface was rejected, the ship will carry the name the public voted for in the form of a small submersible which will bring back invaluable data from below the waves and ice.
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If only we had detailed information telling us the climate is changing far faster than any time in human history. and if only we had an unambiguous physical explanation for why those changes have occurred. then some politicians would still deny any problem exists.
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The planet is warming. Burning fossil fuels is the dominant reason. Our choices matter.
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Remember: whatever small part of the planet you inhabit, it is not representative of the whole globe. 🟥 = warmer than 1981-2010 average.🟦 = cooler than 1981-2010 average.Data: ERA5
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Central England Temperatures from 1772-2018. Each stripe is coloured according to the average temperature in that year, with the darkest blues representing <7.8°C & the darkest reds >10.8°C. Lots of variations from year-to-year, with a clear warming trend in modern times.
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Latest observations of global temperature change shown as a 'climate spiral' using monthly averages from January 1850 to June 2023. Uses @metoffice HadCRUT5 dataset, representing change relative to the 1850-1900 'pre-industrial' era.
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It's #WorldOceanDay!. Note the singular 'ocean' as there is only one interconnected global ocean.
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250 climate scientists, including myself, have written to @theresa_may to ask her to challenge @realDonaldTrump about his views on climate change during his UK visit this week. Letter:
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#StarsAndStripes to welcome the USA back to the Paris Agreement on climate change. Each stripe is the annual temperature across the USA. 1895 at the top and 2020 at the bottom.
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What was unusually warm in the 1950s is now normal. What was extremely warm in the 1950s is now just unusual. What was impossibly warm in the 1950s is now possible. From:
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A reminder of the choices that global society has to make about the climate:.Delaying action on reducing emissions commits the world to live with severe consequences. Rapid action now means a more habitable world for all. There is no going back. Choose wisely.
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Looking back over the past 2000 years, global temperatures slightly cooled until the 1800s. The subsequent rapid warming is mainly due to increasing CO₂ in the atmosphere because of burning fossil fuels. The physics has been understood for decades. We are causing the warming.
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So, today is 'add a new stripe' day. What colour will it be? 🤔
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85 years ago. In April 1938, @GuyCallendar published his seminal paper showing that Earth’s land areas had warmed over the previous 50 years. He also suggested that man-made CO₂ emissions had caused around half of the observed warming. 85 years ago.
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It is a statement of fact, we cannot be any more certain; it is unequivocal and indisputable that humans are warming the planet.
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The @LpzfuersKlima team have completed painting a giant representation of the Warming Stripes on the Sachsenbrücke in Leipzig, thanks to crowd funding. Already starting conversations for those using the bridge. #ShowYourStripes
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Honoured to receive an MBE for 'services to climate science & to science communication' from Prince Charles at Windsor Castle this week. And, yes, I did wear a #ShowYourStripes tie for the occasion & also thanked @ClarenceHouse for all their efforts in raising climate awareness.
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Thank you to everyone who got involved with #ShowYourStripes this year!. In the UK we lit up the White Cliffs of Dover and Tate Modern to encourage more climate conversations about the risks we face, the choices we can make and the actions we can take.
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Later this afternoon the global temperature summaries for 2022 will be released by Met Office, NOAA, NASA and Berkeley Earth. This means a new climate stripe will be added. But what colour will 2022 be?
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I've seen this graphic a lot, but it is still surprising every time it gets updated. The global ocean surface is currently far outside the range of previous years.
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The planet will continue to warm until greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to net zero. To stop the climate consequences getting worse, the only option is net zero. The faster that goal is reached the less bad are those consequences. The costs of inaction are larger than action.
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Anyone with experience in OCR or AI/ML looking for a challenge to solve which would help climate science?. We have thousands of pages of historical weather observations which need numerical values extracting efficiently & accurately so we can better understand extreme weather.
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The Warming Stripes on the front cover of @TheEconomist this week.
Climate change touches everything The Economist reports on. It must be tackled urgently. There is no alternative. Our special issue this week
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Average temperature in Australia for 1910-2019. One stripe per year. Warmest year on record in 2019. #warmingstripes. Data:
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It is:.- more than 200 years since Fourier first made the analogy that the atmosphere behaves like a greenhouse.- more than 150 years since Foote & Tyndall identified the main greenhouse gases.- 85 years since Callendar showed the planet was warming & caused by increases in CO₂
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New stripes are red.Old stripes are blue.Our planet’s climate is changing.All because of me and you. #climatevalentine #showyourstripes .
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We are already experiencing the consequences of our warming world & are now at a climate crossroads. The choices we make now will determine the future experiences of those already alive, and those yet to be born. If we choose not to act,.Or fail to adapt,.Then suffer we will.
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Today @ReadingFC and @ReadingFCWomen unveiled their new home kit for the 2022/23 season, incorporating the climate stripes on the sleeves and shorts. The stripes used on the kit represent changes in temperature in Reading since the club was founded in 1871. #HoopsForTheFuture
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Those desperately trying to cast doubt on climate science often use false images like in the quoted tweet below. Don’t be fooled. The genuine version here shows how global temperatures have rapidly warmed very recently. #ShowYourStripes. Details:
@ed_hawkins Stripes over 2000 years. "Climate scientists" don't want to see the bigger picture sadly.
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The planet is warming due to human activities, primarily burning fossil fuels & deforestation. Climate change is happening here & now, and is already affecting everyone. The consequences will get worse for each bit of further warming. #ShowYourStripes
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How do the warming stripes start conversations about climate change? #ShowYourStripes.They are stark visuals which, with a single glance, instantly communicate the simple message that the climate is heating up. Their strength is the innovative ways that people have adapted them.
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Next time you're on a trans-Atlantic flight and you experience sudden bad turbulence, remember that climate change is making such turbulence worse. New 'stripes' showing the increase in moderate clear air turbulence in the Atlantic since 1979 using ERA5.
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Changes in global temperature from 1850-2090 represented by coloured stripes. Our planet has already warmed by 1.2°C, mainly due to burning fossil fuels. Our choices over the next decade & beyond will determine our future. Rapid actions now mean smaller climate consequences.
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Changes in temperature from the upper stratosphere to 2km deep in the ocean for 1979 to 2021. Red is warmer, blue is cooler. The lower atmosphere & ocean is warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. The stratosphere is cooling due to changes in ozone & greenhouse gas emissions.
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The @CopernicusECMWF team announce that 2023 was hottest on record, about 1.48°C above pre-industrial levels. "2023 was an exceptional year, with climate records tumbling like dominoes," says @OceanTerra. Great graphics in this BBC article about the data:
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