⚠️New paper at Nature Human Behaviour⚠️
Can posed smiles make people feel happier?
In a global adversarial collaboration, we found overwhelming support for this controversial hypothesis.
But we couldnt resolve one thing: concerns about a popular pen-in-mouth smiling task.
🧵
A year ago, a non-academic friend listened to a talk I gave. I thought it went great. My friend disagreed.
She said that academics are experts at making interesting stuff boring—and that we should all take a speech class.
So I did. And here are 6 most useful things I learned.
1. Practice speaking in your natural voice.
The moment academics step in front of an audience, they often put on a “speaker voice”.
I spent 8 weeks practicing my natural voice. Pauses, rhythms, speed, emphasis, and loudness. It was fun and taught me to speak more dynamically.
2. Break up your talk.
Why is it that we say no to a 3-hour movie but yes to binging six 30-minute episodes? Because episodes break things up
I now think of a 60-minute talk as 4-6 episodes. Each should give people a brief break (e.g., for questions) and leave them wanting more
Academics study interesting and important things. But we often lack training in how to effectively engage an audience.
I hope my advice helps. Because if we want to maximize the impact of our scientific endeavors, we need to keep working on our public speaking skills.
6. Prepare two conclusion statements.
Academic talks often end with a Q&A. But this can mean that the last thing you audience hears is a subpar question or an awkward “No more questions?”
You can ensure that things end on a high note if you prep a post-Q&A conclusion.
3. Don’t cram in material.
If you cram in too much, you’ll exhaust your audience.
We have to remind ourselves that most people don’t care as much about the details as we do. Even if they do, hopefully they’ll just ask. Awesome! Now you have a great Q&A session.
5. End early.
People complain when talks go long—not short.
If you plan to end early, you’ll be less likely to go long. Ending early also makes it feel like time flew by. It also gives more time for Q&A and discussion (which should be lively if your talk went well).
These six pieces of advice are opinionated. And there's lots of nuance. But these tips have worked well for me.
In the last talk I gave, several audience members emailed me and said it was one of the best talks they’ve recently attended. I NEVER got that kind of feedback before.
4. Research the setting.
Ask what the room looks like. Visualize the room when you practice. When you show up, it will feel familiar; you’ll know how loud to talk and how to work the space.
Ask about your audience too, and consider tailoring your materials to increase relevance
NASA: we've captured an image of what outer space looked like 13 BILLION years ago.
Psychologists: we've just uncovered evidence that a 50-year-old foundational study with 8 undergrads and a single-item measure MIGHT not replicate.
Academic papers need a new section called Appeasement Analyses.
Appeasement Analyses is where you get to place analyses that (a) reviewers forcibly requested, but (b) you think are not meaningful.
E.g., "To appease Reviewer 2, we tested whether there was a 5-way interaction.."
Psychologists: “Omg, we need to do something about the spread of misinformation.”
Also psychologists: “Oh, that psychology textbook? Yeah, most of those findings don’t replicate.”
I’m pleased to announce that I successfully defended my dissertation yesterday (without revisions)!
Next week, I’ll begin a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Harvard University, where I’ll be working with the [Twitterless] Dr. Jennifer Lerner and her amazing team!
⚠️New paper at JPSP⚠️
A lot of my work has shown that posing smiles can make people feel happy.
But what if this is just a placebo effect? Or demand characteristics?
Contrary to our own predictions, my team’s new paper suggests it is NOT!
[THREAD]
🎉News!
I'll be joining
@UFPsychology
as an Asst. Prof. in Fall 2024!
I’ll be continuing to do work on quant methods, emotion, and big team science. But now there will be gators. Big teams of them. Experiencing many emotions while trying to figure out the world.
Stay tuned!
Yesterday, I tweeted six tips for giving better academic talks. Everybody loved it—except those who hated it.
Critics, I hear you. I respect you.
So here are 4 reasons NOT to work on your public speaking skills.
A year ago, a non-academic friend listened to a talk I gave. I thought it went great. My friend disagreed.
She said that academics are experts at making interesting stuff boring—and that we should all take a speech class.
So I did. And here are 6 most useful things I learned.
Demand characteristics are a textbook concern in research w/ humans
Yet, they’re not actually well understood
In this new pre-print,
@mcxfrank
and I used meta-analysis and replication to take stock. What we found was informative...but also concerning
🧵
I’m so honored to accept the
#SPSP2022
Service to the Field Award on behalf of the
@PsySciAcc
!
Congratulations to *all* 1328 members of the Psychological Science Accelerator—and I hope that many more will consider joining this big team science movement!
FYI, the
@PsySciAcc
Twitter page is temporarily suspended!
Turns out that listing the account "birthday" as the founding date of the organization flagged us as a minor who is ineligible to hold a Twitter account.
👶
A few months ago, I volunteered to put a $3,000 bounty on my own research.
107 issue reports later, I reflect upon what I’ve learned as part of a three-part blog series at
@the100ci
.
New pre-print and error-detection challenge!
“Are facial feedback effects solely driven by demand characteristics? An experimental investigation”
“Show me Im wrong: A Red Team Challenge to incentivize critical feedback”
[THREAD]
Today my fiancé and I leave the US so that I can spend 1 yr working with
@lakens
in the Netherlands. I am grateful for many things, but especially for the many sacrifices my fiancé is making
#academictwitter
, make sure to thank the people in your life who make your work possible
“Leading the big-team-science movement can feel like climbing mountains without so much as a rope.”
New paper at
@Nature
with myself,
@JKileyHamlin
,
@ll_sullivan
, T. Parker, and D. Altschul.
New preprint.
Adversarial team collaborated to specify when facial feedback effects should most reliably emerge. 2 pilots revealed evidence for the facial feedback hypothesis. Next, 18 labs (17 countries) will test whether these findings are replicable.
⚠️Seeking collaborators for the Global Gratitude Project ⚠️
@Shige_Oishi
,
@ME_McCullough
, and I are seeking potential collaborators for a cross-cultural study of single-session online gratitude interventions on subjective well-being.
More info here:
@martinblakely
I spend time drafting notes of gratitude and/or thought-provoking ways of reframing my central conclusion.
Here's an example from a talk I gave where the main conclusion was that interoception seemed important for humans' conscious experience of emotion.
@FromPhDtoLife
Fixation.
Sometimes people will say "oh, you have a PhD, you must be very smart".
Nope. I just obsessed over a few research questions for so long that I woke up one day with a PhD. If I was really smart, I would have pursued a more lucrative career path. 😆
My meta-analysis (with
@jefflarsen01
& Heather Lench) examining the facial feedback hypothesis is online in Psychological Bulletin!
Heres a brief [THREAD] on the controversy surrounding this hypothesis and what we found when we looked at all the evidence
@RochePhD
@MacLeansBrain
LOL! My friend knew I grew up in a "we critique because we care" household, so no offense was taken.
They were very excited when I showed them some of the speeches I prepared for the class. I still have a ways to go, but my skills have greatly improved thanks to their tough love
Some of science’s biggest questions can only be answered when researchers come together—en masse—to work towards a common goal
This big team science is extremely exciting—but also challenging
We've thus created a guide on how to build up big team science
@TrophicCascader
You literally retweeted a grad student recruitment post a few weeks ago.
If academics can use Twitter to post openings I don't see why prospective students cannot use the same tool to inquire about these openings. :)
I am beyond honored to accept this award from
@Einstein_Berlin
on behalf of
@PsySciAcc
.
We believe the biggest problems require the power of many minds. We have thus worked tirelessly with our 2000+ members from 70+ countries to *build up big team science* in psychology.
🧵
The €200,000 Institutional
#EinsteinFoundationAward2022
goes to
@PsySciAcc
@coles_nicholas_
. The network brings together scientists from over 70 countries and has been making key contributions to the democratization and diversification of psychological research. Congratulations!
It doesn't pay to be critical in science
These two meta-analyses examine the same studies on botox-for-depression
Despite being published 2 years earlier with a more thorough treatment of publication bias, my group's pessimistic take is officially cited less often
Grumbling 🧵
#metaanalysis
and
#openscience
tweeps, it’s time we consider more efficient ways to keep meta-analyses up-to-date. I would like to offer one of my own ideas: The Open Meta-Pipeline, a crowd-sourced meta-analysis project.
(1/4)
@6079_WSmith
I refer to "speaker voice" as changes that people [often unintentionally] make when they speak publicly.
It differs for everyone. But my "speaker voice" had a higher register, more even tempo, more tense articulation, and more complex sentence structure than my natural voice.
My facial feedback meta-analysis was featured today on
@NPR
. Best coverage so far.
@maanvising
did a great job interpreting the tiny effect size (d = .23): “…if 100 people smiled…only about 7 might expect to feel happier than if they hadn't smiled.”
Just updated the
@PsySciAcc
map, and I am awe-stricken by the size of the movement!
We have a lot of work regarding recruiting/retaining researchers from underrep'd regions. But we have a massive amount of momentum, and I am feeling optimistic about the future of psychology.
Ok, I obviously kid
Maybe the critics arent all wrong. Behind these jokes, perhaps theres a grain of truth
Nonetheless, I hope I can convince the critics that even the best ideas can be lost in bad communication. And that we should never stop striving to speak more effectively
@Eatandliveright
@elMunir5
There are a few links I've seen posted in the thread. But here is the book we used in my class:
Reviewing these materials is a great start. But listening to speeches, watching an instructor critique speeches, and practicing was what I found most helpful!
Its uncanny how
#SPSP2021
perfectly replicated the experience of awkwardly standing by your poster waiting for questions from mostly uninterested passersby by having me awkwardly stare at my screen waiting for questions from mostly uninterested virtual attendees.
👌💯😆
New guest blogpost: Using Decision Theory to Justify Your Alpha
Amid debates about whether we should redefine, justify, or abandon statistical significance, I provide a primer on how decision theory can help researchers rationally justify their alphas.
I view
@PsySciAcc
's focus on Big Team Science to be one the most exciting advancements in psychology—and I am thrilled to serve in the directorship role.
I am also excited to announce that I will be serving in this role from my new institutional home at
@StanfordCSLI
!
⚠️New at Nature Hum Beh⚠️
Big team science is on the rise—and it raises tough questions about authorship
How should we recognize work on projects w/ hundreds of people?
How should we handle disagreements?
How will this impact the science ecosystem?
Psych Jobs Wiki is live! Separate pages for postdocs and predocs now exist, as well as a backup of 22-23 faculty jobs. I am *not* able to be a regular posting contributor, but I have put together some resources to help you help others by contributing! Read on and RT! 1/n
@hardsci
This work is outrageous and fundamentally flawed.
Your analysis CLEARLY doesn't take into account the free pizza I get if I agree to dedicate several hours a month to join a committee.
When
@PsySciAcc
asked me to serve as the project manager on this study, I correctly predicted it'd be one of my hardest research roles.
I also correctly predicted it'd be one of my most meaningful collaborations.
Can't wait until we share the paper with the world.
Pulling together some fun stats for the first
@PsySciAcc
study prior to submission: 11,481 participants, 214 authors, 130 institutions, 48 countries, & 24 languages. It has brought me immense personal joy to be a small part of this large, global, & awesome team of scientists! 🖤
When I was in the first year of my postdoc, I gave a talk that I thought was great and that a friend said was boring.
They convinced me to take a class on public speaking -- and I learned a ton!
I wrote about my experience and favorite tips here:
Alright, here it is.
I am begging y'all, give a presentation YOU'D want to go to. Look at what you are presenting, look at how you are presenting it. Would YOU enjoy your presentation?
Today, I realized that I forgot to buy my wife a ticket. For a cross-country flight that leaves tomorrow. The purpose of which is to look for a new home. And celebrate our 2-year anniversary.
Whoops.
This is the third and last study in the
@PsySciAcc
's COVID-Rapid Initiative.
Hundreds of collaborators collected data from 50,000+ participants across 80+ countries in nearly 50 languages.
The result? Three awesome publications at Nature Human Beh, PNAS, and Affective Science!
New paper
@affectScience
! Grateful for amazing collaborators:
@coles_nicholas_
,
@JenniferLerner
, and
@PsySciAcc
.
Should COVID health info be framed as losses or gains? 15,929 people/84 countries reveal: no difference! But: loss-framing triggers anxiety.
New pre-print and error-detection challenge!
“Are facial feedback effects solely driven by demand characteristics? An experimental investigation”
“Show me Im wrong: A Red Team Challenge to incentivize critical feedback”
[THREAD]
New preprint.
Adversarial team collaborated to specify when facial feedback effects should most reliably emerge. 2 pilots revealed evidence for the facial feedback hypothesis. Next, 18 labs (17 countries) will test whether these findings are replicable.
Conclusion:
The effects of posed smiles and scowls on emotion do not appear to merely be placebo. Or participants simply following instructions.
This provides a clue about how humans *feel* emotion: maybe its partially built off sensations from areas of the body like the face!
Why I ♥️ this textbook:
1⃣ Open science principles are integrated 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁
2⃣ In addition to explanation, it contains practical recommendations (e.g., file mgmt), case studies, and exercises
3⃣ The co-authors area amazing
4⃣ It’s available online 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗲
Do you want to do a psychology experiment while following best practices in open science? My collaborators and I have created Experimentology, a new open web textbook (to be published by MIT Press but free online forever).
Some highlights! 🧵
@DrMusingMom
I pre-prepare transitions for the episode breaks. Something that changes the pace and gives people a respite. This can be a a quick QA, demonstration, etc
If its Q&A, I say I'm pausing for 1-2 questions. I answer the question in a way that allows me to transition to next chapter
These results give us a clue about how humans *feel* emotion: these feelings are built off bodily sensations!
However, the effect of facial poses on happiness is SMALL--similar to looking at pictures of puppies
Please no
@TEDTalks
about "smiling your way to happiness" 😆
After my last meta-analysis, I told myself, "never again!"
But...I'm now seeking unpublished data for a meta-analysis on demand characteristics. Specifically, *non-clinical* studies that explicitly manipulated the hypothesis communicated to participants.
Have something? DM me!
Im very proud of this new paper out by
@PsySciAcc
This is part 2/3 of an ambitious initiative to run 3 global experiments on the psychology of COVID-19.
Project 1 is published at Nature Human Behaviour.
#2
at PNAS.
#3
is forthcoming at Affective Science.
Behind-the-scenes🧵
New paper at PNAS:
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Huge congrats to the 500+ Psychological Science Accelerators who pulled off this wildly ambitious project!
🌎Recruiting collaborators for online global study on partner preferences 🌎
For a
@PsySciAcc
project, we are seeking collaborators who can help recruit participants in regions w/ high relational interdependence (e.g., Japan, Chile, and Nigeria).
Info:
Honored to receive an Outstanding Grad Research Award from
@UTKnoxville
Award rationale: facial feedback meta-analysis , the Many Smiles Collaboration , and work with
@PsySciAcc
Only 1 name on the award, but truly the work of many
Indonesian suicide prevention initiative tries strategies based on research in top scientific journals
All fail--except 1 that is compatible w/ the local culture
This is why groups like
@PsySciAcc
are important. There are literal lives at stake when it comes to generalizability
Hi everyone! My short correspondence article in
@Nature
is out here: …
Sometimes, published literature on behaviour and what we see in reality don’t agree, especially in less represented countries. What can we do about it?
@blackdoginst
⚠️Paid collab opportunity⚠️
We're recruiting 15 teams for a challenge examining how well moment-to-moment continuous ratings of emotional experience can be modeled using 8 physiology measures
Teams receive $300 and are eligible for authorship + awards
Some scientists argue that blocking facial feedback w/ Botox can treat depression. This idea has received a lot of press—e.g. from
@nytimes
@washingtonpost
@WebMD
In a new paper,
@jefflarsen01
and I argue that the evidence just isn’t there.
Beyond emotion, there’s another reason to smile:
Researchers came together en masse to address a controversy head-on.
We pooled our intellectual and material resources—and we made what seems like a decade of progress in just a few years.
This project demonstrates the power of big team science.
It’s an approach that groups like
@PsySciAcc
,
@ManyBabies
, and
@OSFramework
have spent years perfecting.
This work can be hard to find money for–but it’s extremely useful!
One of my favorite parts about
#SPSP2024
is meeting collaborators -- both old and new.
Come stop by to see what we've been up to in the world of big team science.
Apparently the session will be "highly attended" despite being at 8 AM on the last day? We'll see about that! 😅
Fantastic reporting by
@FiveThirtyEight
on my Many Smiles Collaboration project!
I will be presenting a poster on this work at
#Metascience2019
today. Come by and let’s exchange some thoughts and smiles. (Frowns welcome too) :)
@PsySciAcc
may be the largest grassroots collaborative network in psychology—with ≈ 1300 members from 84 countries.
How do we manage to function? Because of people like
@Savvylewis15
, our outgoing research coordinator who will soon begin her PhD studies.
A brief gratitude🧵
⚠️Advice wanted ⚠️
I am considering putting together a graduate seminar on "soft skills in science".
Of course, we would discuss and practice public speaking (see thread).
What else would you recommend I cover?
A year ago, a non-academic friend listened to a talk I gave. I thought it went great. My friend disagreed.
She said that academics are experts at making interesting stuff boring—and that we should all take a speech class.
So I did. And here are 6 most useful things I learned.
Big thanks to
@CharlieDorison
for co-developing this idea. I think generations of scholars will thank us for this v important piece of publishing reform.
This is a historic milestone for Big Team Psychological Science.
Project managing this international effort has been one of the most challenging but rewarding experiences of my career. I am proud of what we accomplished—but I am even more excited to see what we do next!
The PSA's first study-paper has now been accepted at
@NatureHumBehav
in its stage 2 version, pending minor formatting edits! This paper represents the collective work & energy of hundreds of us. Thank you all!! We hope it is the first of many more to come.
I am excited to present my work on the facial feedback hypothesis and demand characteristics at
@affectScience
today (22:45-23:45 UTC) and Wednesday (14:45-15:45 UTC).
I am even more excited to do so looking like an avatar from an low budget video game😄
My secret to being productive during COVID-19 is simple. I stick to a good routine:
Step 1: Wake up and spend 15 mins carefully planning my day
S2: Watch as unexpected requests quickly unravel my carefully planned schedule
S3: Lie to myself about how productive I am being
Sigh.
I'm working on a review on demand characteristics. There are too many examples in psych where (1) a researcher publishes a highly influential study that is riddled with demand, and then (2) it takes decades of less influential work by others to try to correct the record.
This project has been a strong lesson in intellectual humility.
Every step of the way—including through a financially-incentived error-detection challenge—we learned new ways that we were wrong.
Brief supplemental🧵on our journey through wrongness.
⚠️New paper at JPSP⚠️
A lot of my work has shown that posing smiles can make people feel happy.
But what if this is just a placebo effect? Or demand characteristics?
Contrary to our own predictions, my team’s new paper suggests it is NOT!
[THREAD]
One of my favorite parts about
#SPSP2024
is meeting collaborators -- both old and new.
Come stop by to see what we've been up to in the world of big team science.
Apparently the session will be "highly attended" despite being at 8 AM on the last day? We'll see about that! 😅
The big team science movement has grown A LOT over the past few years.
We've learned there are great benefits and opportunities for innovation. But also great barriers & risks.
Now we meet. To discuss, learn, and collaborate.
Hosted by
@PsySciAcc
,
@Many_Babies
&
@ManyPrimates
We're pleased to announce the 1st annual Big Team Science Conference, October 27-28, 2022!
The conference will feature symposia, panels, hackathons, talks, and social hours.
More information is available on our website:
Please help us spread the word!
Many Smiles is just the beginning.
The toughest questions require many minds.
And my colleagues and I will continue to use big team science to answer tough questions about emotion.
So stay tuned–and keep smiling!
The biggest theoretical problems in psychology require many minds.
@peder_isager
and I suggest large-scale collaborations can help with theory specification, testing, and development.
We propose a Theory Committee at
@PsySciAcc
to explore this potential further.
New blog post w.
@coles_nicholas_
- Proposing a theory committee at the Psychological Science Accelerator:
We propose that strong theory development and testing in psych is challenging, and that
@PsySciAcc
is in a unique position to help tackle this issue.
4. No training opportunities.
Schools employ precisely zero people who focus on the art of communication. There’s no in-house expertise!
What about the Internet, you ask? Don’t be silly. The Internet is for memes and disinformation—not learning about public speaking.
For a grant I am preparing to submit, the funder asks that I list every person I have co-authored a paper with in the past two years.
Me, looking at my team-science papers with 50-200 authors: 😖
⚠️PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT⚠️
Before you start accepting all those new year commitments, remember that your post-vacation energy levels are DECEIVING YOU into thinking that this will all be fun and manageable later on.
Say no now and thank yourself later.
Today, the big team science network
@PsySciAcc
will begin piloting a new initiative: PSA-Affiliated Projects.
IMO, this is part 2 of the great big team science experiment in psychology.
More details in this highly-opinioned🧵
Getting a faculty position is easy.
You just need to spend a few more years with low pay, little-to-no job security, little authority within your institution, and a willingness to relocate to any place on this Earth that might be hiring someone with your background.
Easy peasy.
3. No time.
Although your ideas are timeless, your physical existence is not.
Every minute spent prepping a good presentation is a minute not spent doing other essential tasks. Like providing critical service to a committee, tweeting hot takes, and filling out admin forms.
The 2023 Big Team Science conference (
@BigTeamSciCon
) is officially done!
I may be sleep deprived after 3 busy days. But Im more energized and hopeful than ever!
Big team science is an important part of scientific reform — and its clearly on the rise
3 things that stood out 🧵