Sandy Darity, Retweets do not mean endorsement.
@SandyDarity
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The Black Reparations Project 2023. From Here to Equality, 2nd edition (2022)
Durham, NC
Joined November 2011
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“My family got here after slavery ended or after Jim Crow began” isn’t absolution. If your ancestors owned people, got a Homestead Act land patent, took black property after a massacre, and/or bought a home under the GI Bill you’ve benefited materially from American racism.
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At some point those who persist in claiming that inequality in the US is primarily a matter of class need to address the following three data points:
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The entire trajectory of American history would have been altered dramatically if our ancestors had received the promised 40 acres and a mule. Receiving land and tools after slavery could be the subject of a fascinating alternate history novel.
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We need, immediately, a Presidential Commission on police violence directed against black Americans and the racial injustices perpetrated by the criminal "justice" system writ large.
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@KeishaBlain
Then they should not have named the lead character Harriet Tubman. Now we have a ton of fresh inaccurate debris to clean up. Biopics should be reasonably consistent with what is known.
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All the flap about replacing 1619 with 1776 as an appropriate starting point for the American story is odd, given the fact that, in 1776, the United States comes into the world as a Slave Republic. In the first place.
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"Slavery reparations" is a misnomer. Reparations for black descendants of persons enslaved in the US must encompass slavery, Jim Crown, and ongoing racism reflected in discriminatory earnings penalties, police lynchings, and mass incarceration.
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"...white Americans are the country’s most successful, adept and skilled rioters. White America is an expert on rioting and race wars; black America is a neophyte amateur with little to no experience in such matters by comparison."
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It's striking how many people jump into the conversation about reparations for black American descendants of US slavery without having done any study on the topic. How patronizing to assume the subject is so simple that no research is required to speak intelligently on the topic.
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On lie circulating that only 1% of white southerners owned slaves.
#FHTE
In 1860, 1% of white southern families owned 200 or more human beings, but in states of the Confederacy at least 20% owned at least one and in Ms and SC ran as high as fifty percent.
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Failure to punish the Confederates after the Civil War was a clear choice to achieve white reconciliation and solidarity over full citizenship and inclusion for black Americans. White supremacy in its purest form. And Jan 6 is a direct extension of that failure.
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Sen. Tim Scott is additional proof that a black face in a high space is not sufficient.
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I’m not persuaded by the idea that poor whites in the antebellum period were simply dupes of the southern white aristocracy. Lower income whites typically bought into the system of slavery because it benefited them also, albeit not to the same degree.
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@ajplus
This is misleading. These are not direct payments. They are $25K allocations that must be used for home mortgage payments or improvements--restricted to housing alone. Median home price in Evanston is $432K. Typical down payment must be 20% of price. $25K is 6% of median price.
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White American support for black reparations has grown from 4% in 2000 to 30%. Now key barriers to
#purereparations
are black pundits who say it will never happen and black organizations who promote local "reparations" and HR 40 and oppose direct payments and lineage based norms.
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HR40 is necessary. A federal commission report is essential to establish the basis for black reparations in the same way one was needed prior to enactment of Japanese American reparations. Vital to make commission has 18 month deadline and the right appointees, of course.
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I am thrilled by the groundswell in enthusiasm for reparations
#ADOS
. To stay in the lane where I can be of the most use, I'm going to assemble a team of academic researchers across disciplines to help with the full development of a reparations plan.
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1. One quarter of white households have a net worth>$1 million. That’s true for only 4 percent of black households.
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Very exciting! My TED talk providing a blueprint for reparations hit +1 million views today. Thank you to everyone who has tuned in:
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Tragically, the horrific Tulsa massacre was not unique. Upwards of 100 anti-black massacres conducted by white terrorists took place between the Civil War and the 1940s all across the country. The massacres were a national atrocity requiring national redress.
#purereparations
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3. Whites in the working class have 2-3 times the median wealth of professional-managerial blacks. See especially Table 2 here.
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The “nation of immigrants” trope effectively erases the experiences of indigenous people and enslaved people from the American landscape.
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2. Whites in the bottom 20% of the income distribution have a higher median net worth than all blacks and multiple times that of blacks in the bottom 20%.
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There's something vampiric about claims that black-white economic disparities are due to deficient behavior on the part of black people. No matter how strong the analysis and evidence against that view, it won't die. Blocks getting on with sound policymaking. Is it pure racism?
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Financial literacy without finances to manage is sheer silliness.
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It appears that the Overton Window has opened for reparations for black American descendants of slavery. Both the venom and the enthusiasm in my email in box suggests that people are now treating this as a possibility that can happen.
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Let no one ever say again, "It can't happen here." There is nothing exceptional about America. Of course, this is very familiar to black Americans, e.g. white violence to destroy Reconstruction.
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Peculiar that other groups receiving compensation typically have been given direct payments, although the compensation can't fully right the wrong. Why are the "rules" always different for black descendants of American slavery?
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So proud to receive the Dean’s Award for Excellence in Mentoring at Duke for 2020. Plaque came in mail today, since awards ceremony cancelled due to “the rona.” My former and current students truly made this possible.
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A basic line of division is between others who believe something is fundamentally wrong with black folk and those of us who believe something is fundamentally wrong with the conditions confronting black folk
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Establishing that white America benefited from and continues to benefit from American racism does not imply individual white Americans should pay reparations. Benefits of racism have been delivered via federal policies (by action and inaction). The national government must pay.
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We are in a very strange moment when virtually every attempt to assert truth in the social justice arena is condemned for being "divisive"--as if "divisiveness" is intrinsically a bad thing.
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Strange to see so many so-called progressive objecting to reparations for black American descendants of US slavery on grounds that American economic inequality is solely a matter of class. They, perhaps unintentionally, deny the legacy & ongoing impact of white supremacy.
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I remain baffled by those who reject the idea that black descendants of American slavery have a unique history, identity, and claim on America for justice. It seems straightforward to me.
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Affiliation with
#ADOS
, for me, is not a matter of affiliation with any particular individual, including myself. It is a matter of a commitment to a particular set of values and principles, especially
#purereparations
for black American descendants of US slavery. I stand there.
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#ADOS
effort, led by
@breakingbrown
and
@tonetalks
, has been responsible for the dramatic surge of interest in black reparations. An impressive accomplishment in light of the long history of reparations being a marginalized policy and now becoming a serious policy topic.
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Support of a group identity and particular interests of black descendants of American slavery
#ADOS
should not and must not mean denigration nor rejection of any other diasporic community. Those who are doing so must stop and apologize. Those who have done so must apologize.
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It feels like we're on a perpetual treadmill of police using lethal violence against black folk in completely unjustified circumstances.
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1. Tax breaks as reparations is an awful idea.
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Abandonment of the Kurds is potentially a recipe of genocide, but it won't be the first time the U.S. has abandoned allies. Possibly the first time was the Union army's withdrawal from the south, abandoning unarmed blacks to the predations of hostile white supremacists in 1877.
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I was hit up by some random economist who insisted that age differences explained black-white wealth differences (blacks are younger on average). He continued to say he was correct even after I showed him the graph below.
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Black American descendants of U.S. slavery constitute about 89 percent of the country's black population.
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I don’t think anyone says the distinct identity and claim of black descendants of folk enslaved in US is an original idea. For example, Queen Mother Moore founded the Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves. Unique today is wider grassroots support for the idea.
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@jsmilges
This can be devastating, but please know that student evals often are laced with bigotry. Generally we encourage discounting the ones written for classes taught by black women altogether. Hang in there. Assessments that comment on your appearance are not legitimate assessments.
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Defending the Harriet Tubman biopic is akin to defending Styron’s novel on Nat Turner, given the ideological work racism one of them does. And I could care less whether the architect of each is black or white or male or female.
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Emphasis on eligibility for black reparations in the US for American descendants of US chattel slavery is motivated by the unique, cumulative, intergenerational deprivation visited upon that community, not xenophobia, nativism, or any other hot button latch word.
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Incidentally, no one is compelled to accept a reparations payment. If you truly believe a "check" is not appropriate or if you believe it undesirably reinforces your status as a victim, just don't accept it. Give it back, so that it can go to someone else who feels differently.
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@KamalaHarris
This is Opportunity Zones lite, and Opportunity Zones are problematic enough in the first place.
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@tressiemcphd
You should have listed black American descendant of US slavery or ADOS for brief. 👌
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I can't repeat this often enough,
#Purereparations
is not a salve for personal or specific organization's guilt, it is a national obligation borne of the failed promise to provide restitution for the newly emancipated at the close of the Civil War.
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In a spirit of conciliation let me say at the outset I favor student debt cancellation. What disturbs me are extravagant claims like the assertion it will raise black wealth by 40%. Let’s run the numbers.
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Low assets, not high debt is the key to B-W wealth gap. Black households, on average, have almost $50K less in debt than white households. But their asset to debt ratio is 1.6 while it is 2.8 for white households. Exclusive focus on debt won’t close the racial wealth gap.
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I don’t begrudge anyone’s right to make a reparations claim on any other party, but I find it odd that the nation of Antigua has lodged a claim on Harvard. Since Antigua was a British colony and British authority sanctioned slavery there, I thought their claim would be on the UK.
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Bold legislation like Booker’s version of baby bonds, Warren housing bill, the job guarantee, Harris middle income supplement, even UBI, and esp reparations for black Americans need to be advanced as a New Deal style coordinated portmanteau. Not substitutes for one another.
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@mariannewilliamson
extremely strong on reparations for native black Americans. Bernie back slides away from her position toward the Clyburn plan and school desegregation--I presume intentionally missing the point.
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One central point of attack on Critical Race Theory is the ineffectiveness and questionable value of diversity and equity training sessions. But if the critics truly grasped the messages of CRT, they would realize that it implies those trainings are NOT likely to be useful.
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Since some have asked,
#purereparations
is direct payment to black American descendants of US slavery of restitution sufficient to erase black-white wealth disparities.
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Given recent convos on Twitter, I'm posting this report again to provide the most accurate information available about the limitations placed on black business development by the disproportionately low level of wealth held by blacks in the U.S.
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Once you quash the outright lie that only 1 % of white southerners owned slaves, it’s fascinating how the Lost Cause advocates and anti-reparationists on Twitter shift to blatant defenses of American slavery.
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When folks condemn a bold policy for being "divisive," it frequently is the right thing to do. The anti-slavery movement was sufficiently divisive to produce a Civil War. I presume everyone would agree that being opposed to slavery was the right thing to do.
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Detailed list of dates and sites of white terrorist massacres, altho the list still is incomplete. For example, Bossier LA 1868, Atlanta 1906, Chicago IL 1953 are not included. Is your hometown here?
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For anyone accusing me of complicity with white supremacy.
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A practical question: Is there an African nation or a group of African nations that are going to negotiate forcefully for comprehensive reparations with the U.S. government for black Americans, like Israel did with the German government on behalf of Holocaust victims?
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Principles of economics is ineluctably tied to the scarcity principle. Suppose the foundational starting point for economics was uncertainty (Keynes) or inequality (Sen), instead. It would be a form of cognitive liberation.
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1/4 As a number of us anticipated black folk are being recruited excessively as subjects for coronavirus vaccine clinical trials, including college presidents at Xavier and Dillard imploring their students to join trials. Other med centers are targeting the local black community.
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Be open and receptive to evolution in people’s thinking—and welcome into the fold when their ideas move in the direction of support for redress for black American descendants of US slavery. I know that I, myself, was a reparations skeptic about 30 years ago. I grew beyond it.
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Distinct black American interests are being held hostage to the fear of reelection of a misogynist, who came to power primarily because a majority of white women voters chose him.
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Excited to report that From Here to Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the 21st Century by
@IrstenKMullen
and yours truly is now available for pre-order!
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Not only do white working class households have a higher level of wealth than black professional households, they also have a higher level of income altho the gap is not as wide. Race matters deeply in understanding American inequality. Data from the SCF.
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A major problem with case-by-case, state-by-state, or piecemeal reparations is folk are pursuing the low hanging fruit and taking their eyes off the prize of full citizenship and justice. Pure reparations must be sought from the federal government.
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I do find it interesting (and ironic) that here have been more indications of solidarity with black America's call for justice from protestors in European countries than in African countries.
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Although I don’t always follow my own best advice, and apologizing in advance of any future violations, to the extent that my voice has any influence, I want to fervently urge everyone to avoid personal, venomous attacks and focus on substance in arguments.
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Racial conciliation in America requires restitution (reparations) as a precondition. It is inaccurate to refer to reconciliation since prior conciliation never has occurred.
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Here’s an update on how things are going from my end.
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Young black men with relatively higher levels of wealth have greater odds of being subjected to incarceration than young white men with relatively lower levels of wealth. Discrimination in the system of criminal justice is real.
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There has been a tendency to confuse nationalism with nativism with respect to ADOS. ADOS is nationalistic not nativistic. ADOS seeks to set the US right wrt it’s history of abuse of enslaved blacks, not preserve a falsely glorified past.
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Just had a good and difficult conversation with
@marwilliamson
. She does have a serious commitment to reparations for descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. and is open-minded about the size, scale, and uses of such a program.
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Context for this statement may not be obvious, but it must be said:
#ADOS
is an organic action that emerged spontaneously from the social media world. It is not a membership organization, nor right ot left, nor aligned with a particular political party. Justice is the cause.
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A primary focus on homeownership will not close the racial wealth gap. There are much higher rates of return on other types of assets which blacks hold in lower proportions than homes.
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HR40 (S1083) in its present form is an intentional deflection from true reparations.
#purereparations
. Revise it or replace it.
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Watching documentary "They've Got to Have Us" on past sixty years of black film acting. It's clear. but somehow not discussed, how British black now are getting the lion's share of black roles in American films. This is an issue that's been raised forcefully by
@tonetalks
.
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I think most people acknowledge the moral case for reparations, but then often raise questions about the practical implementation of the program. I view it as a positive when the discussion moves to the second stage, and I'm confident there are answers to all logistical concerns.
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The debut of the Black American D.O.S. website is now!
A signal moment. Many, many plaudits to the founders of the Caucus:
👍
Kanita Sturdivant
Amirah Lawson
Otis Griffin
Nobly Rogue
Kaliq Ray
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Cancelling student loan debt is a good idea, but even if limited to black students, it's wrong to refer to it as "reparations." That step won't go far toward eliminating the racial wealth gap, which should be a primary objective of blk reparations. pp 9-10
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@DelanoSquires
Cities like Durham and Chicago do have extreme levels of black homicides; these are conditions that demand change. But all cities are not Durham and Chicago, and the charge that black Americans are intrinsically more criminal than other groups is the lie that I was confronting.
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Too many members of the younger generation assume any criticism of their position is a personal attack, and too many members of my generation resort to personal attacks when they don’t have a good argument for their position.
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@JoelSchamber
@Excellentspeelr
This is an outright lie. The vast majority of them have no education programs about the horrors of slavery. On what basis did you concoct your statistic?
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Blacks disproportionately are "missionary" workers for America, a much larger share of health care workers, taxi drivers, bus drivers, food workers than share in population.
This causes more exposure to "the rona," NOT bad decisions about gathering.
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NO, That is not our responsibility. That is matter to be resolved between indigenous peoples themselves and the US government. Our ancestors were forced instruments for settler colonialism's economic development project--not the perpetrators. Don't impose this injustice on us.
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2. The Movement for Black Lives' reparations document is a mish-mosh that seeks to introduce a host of universal programs under the auspices of black reparations without granting any specificity to the particular claim held by black descendants of persons enslaved in America.
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2/2 No one said everyone else should be included when the German government paid reparations to victims of the Holocaust nor when the US government paid reparations to Japanese Americans illegally incarcerated. But when it comes to reparations for black American DOS....
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Ta-Nehisi Coates:"If you can actually get a study that outlines what actually happened, what the needs are, what the debt actually is, and how it was incurred, then you can design programs to actually address it." Exactly what my book with
@IrstenKMullen
will do.
@uncpressblog
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Official release date finally is here for the second edition of From Here to Equality
#FHTE
!
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Keep in mind a federal commission to make the national case for native black reparations -- and to design a plan to be translated into legislation -- does not have to be enacted by Congress. A Presidential Commission could be established at the behest of the Chief Executive.
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A key component of any serious reparations plan is "cutting a check." They were cut by Germany for Holocaust victims, by the US govt for Japanese Americans subjected to mass incarceration in WWII etc.. The same is appropriate for black American descendants of US slavery.
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