Paul Razvan Berg
@PaulRBerg
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Co-founder @Sablier . Interested in crypto, longevity, physics, and epistemology.
London, UK
Joined June 2012
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Pinned Tweet
A bank account is basically a 2-of-3 multisig between you, the bank and the government.
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Open letter to /r/WallStreetBets:
Nobody can halt trading in Ethereum, and it runs 24/7.
Yours truly,
DeFi community
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Cardano:
> The key to success is having a committee of Very Important Professors peer reviewing everything.
Ethereum:
> We learn by trial and error. Academic input is helpful but we prefer experimenting in the real world.
We all know which approach was invalidated today.
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Did you know that by changing the URL from ".io" to ".deth.net" on Etherscan, you get a VSCode workspace with the contract code preloaded?
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If
@elonmusk
were starting out as an entrepreneur today, he would be building on top of Ethereum.
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I write code primarily in Solidity, TypeScript, and Rust, and for each language I built a template that I use every time I create a repo from scratch.
This is a mini thread in which I aggregate all of my templates, in case you will find any one of them useful.
1/5
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Solidity v0.8.18 just dropped this week, and it comes with an awesome new feature.
Named parameters in mappings!
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Proposed Solidity best practice:
Use the name of the smart contract as a prefix for custom errors.
This helps end users identify which contract reverted a failed tx, which is especially useful for complex txs that involve multiple contracts.
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Crazy idea: Coinbase should retroactively distribute stock to all early adopters when launching the IPO.
They would make history.
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Random Solidity tip.
You can use underscores in number literals 🔢
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Solidity tip:
Declare your time variables as "uint40" rather than "uint256", to save gas in structs and contract storage.
2^40 as a unix timestamp is ~35k years into the future.
I'm bullish on Ethereum but I think that that should be enough for all contracts deployed today.
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I love the EVM - my life's work is attached to it.
But I don't believe for one second that the EVM will be the final word in smart contract platforms.
In fact, I'm skeptical about its relevance in its current architecture even a decade from now.
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Here's a thread with all the Solidity tips I shared on Twitter over the years.
Some of you will find these obvious, but I think that a greater majority will find them useful.
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Genuinely curious what would happen if someone sent Tornado-tainted USDC to the USDC contract itself and to the address that can blacklist USDC addresses?
Will they blacklist themselves? 😂
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If you're in your teens and thinking over going to college, don't. Come join us in crypto and build wealth for yourself and the world.
I dropped out 3 yrs ago and it's one of the best calls I ever made.
I escaped the grip of the woke left, avoided debt, and discovered Ethereum.
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I carried out an experiment and weaned myself off caffeine for 4 months.
The conclusion is clear.
One can be productive without it, but there's an unmistakable boost in mental sharpness when drinking coffee.
So long as I have creative work to do, I won't ever quit again.
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A common mistake devs make when learning Solidity:
Writing smart contracts as if they were databases.
They are not.
Contracts are mission-critical scripts that cost money to deploy and interact with.
Anything that can be done off-chain should be done there.
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As we get closer to The Merge, we should all take a moment to salute the 100+ people who had given their blood, sweat and tears to make this happen.
Ethereum's transition to PoS is a considerable feat of engineering, and a significant milestone in the history of crypto.
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Random Solidity tip.
You probably knew that you can initialize structs with key-value mappings, but did you know that you can do that with function calls, too?
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Coinbase Pro was the best trading product shipped by
@Coinbase
, ever.
Such a shame they deprecated it.
The current UI is awful.
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It took me 5 years of entrepreneurship and many attempts to get something right. My heart goes to you, the Ethereum community, for your support.
I'm now joining
@Mainframe_HQ
and I'm excited to keep contributing to decentralised finance.
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Solidity tip:
You can define functions outside of contracts.
These are called "free functions".
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Potentially hot take:
zkEVMs will go down in history as one of the most overrated concepts in all of crypto.
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Fixed-rate, fixed-term lending on Polygon✌️
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Sum-up of a convo I had with my bank today:
Bank: "What is your usual source of income, Mr. Berg?"
Me: "Software engineering. I'm paid in stablecoins - digital dollars that exist on the Ethereum blockchain."
Bank: "If I am right your main source of income is betting/ gambling"
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1/
PSA for Solidity devs:
→ If your current compiler version is between 0.8.13 and 0.8.21, and ...
→ You have via-IR enabled, and ...
→ You're using symlinks for managing dependencies (e.g. with PNPM)
You'll want to upgrade to Solidity v0.8.22 or later, and read on below 👇
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These diagrams are the best explainers of the Ethereum block and state structure I have ever seen.
The first part needs to be updated for PoS, but it is still informative.
Credits to StackExchange user Lee:
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1/ Now that
@HifiFinance
is live, I can talk about why I think our Solidity+TypeScript code repository is best-in-class.
A thread on smart contract testing, code coverage, NatSpec docs, and best practices for software design in general.
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I rarely talk about price action but this ETH pump is well-deserved.
It's the accumulation of years and years of quiet building.
Very proud of our global community.
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Random Solidity tips:
1️⃣ Use "type(uint256).max" instead of "uint256(-1)"
2️⃣ Surround code with {} to avoid "stack too deep"
3️⃣ Skip tuple vars with commas: "uint a, , ,"
4️⃣ Swap vars in one line: "(a,b)=(b,a)"
5️⃣ Use "assert" and get built-in formal verification with SMTChecker
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create-eth-app just passed 1,000 stars on GitHub ✨
This is my first open-source project that got this popular. Thanks for using it and helping me improving it 🙏
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At a cost of $1,600 per ETH and 20 gwei per gas unit, your users are paying ~$0.28 more for every revert operation in your contract that uses a reason string instead of a custom error.
Consider switching to custom errors.
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1/ Thrilled to announce the launch of
@SablierApp
⏳
It's a decentralised app for continuous payments. Up to you to decide what to use it for, but works best for paying salaries by the minute 💸
Check it out at 🚀
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Random Solidity tip.
Use ASCII box-drawing characters to visually group together the struct members that will get packed in one single 32 byte slot by Solidity.
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1/
I'm taking >50 pills a day (mostly supplements) to improve my overall health and cognitive function.
This thread aggregates all of my recommendations in case you will find any one of them helpful.
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Your reputation is the highest-quality yield that you can farm.
It compounds itself over the years and nobody can fork it.
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1/ It's finally out! Introducing PRBMath, a smart contract library for advanced fixed-point math.
- Operates with signed and unsigned denary numbers, with 18 decimals of precision
- Offers logs, exp, pow, and more
- Gas efficient, but still user-friendly
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🔥⚒️ PRBMath V3 is live 🔥⚒️
This is the most significant iteration on my Solidity library for advanced fixed-point math.
What's new:
- User defined value types SD59x18 and UD60x18
- Free functions
- Migration to Foundry
- Various optimizations
1/7
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The cleanest way to solve Stack Too Deep is to wrap your function params and local variables in structs.
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Startup idea:
Website where I can upload a Solidity contract and have it deployed to multiple EVM chains with the same deterministic address.
I'd pay for this service (on top of the gas fees).
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Devs working outside of crypto are missing out on the joy of not having to handle user sign ups.
Dapps don't need emails, salts, passwords or forgot password flows.
Checking if the web3 API is injected is all that it takes.
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A simple piece of advice that will get you a long way as a Solidity developer:
Be paranoid when writing your contracts.
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Incredibly proud of our team and what we have been able to achieve in 2023 and 2024.
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Hypothesis: the longer you keep writing Solidity for a living, the more paranoid you become in general.
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1/
Now that
@Sablier
V2 is live, I would like to offer you a technical presentation of some of the key principles that went into building V2 Core.
I think we have one of the most robust codebases in web3 at the moment.
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is like for Ethereum rollups
great resource
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Friendly tip to the new kids on the block:
If Solidity is your first programming language, ever, don't worry about gas costs.
Focus on making your code as secure as it can be.
Then, with time, you can tinker with gas optimizations.
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Iterating over an array in Solidity?
You can save a little bit of gas by pre-declaring the variables you use for reading elements from the array.
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Random Solidity tip.
You can pass functions as arguments - function types exist in Solidity.
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Over the years, I've seen loads of people losing their ERC-20 tokens forever by accidentally making a transfer to the ERC-20 contract itself.
We should fix this - Ethereum wallets should prohibit this transaction type at the UI level.
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Anyone feel like this Devconnect was one of the best crypto conferences ever?
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🔥⚒️ NEW FOUNDRY TEMPLATE 🔥⚒️
Been working on this for a while.
+ PRBTest
+ Forge Std
+ Solidity Scripting
+ Solhint
+ Prettier
+ GitHub Actions
+ Conventional Commits
+ Lots of sensible defaults
It's fairly opinionated, but also robust.
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You can use the Horswap UI to avoid Uniswap's frontend fee and user trackers.
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I've recently changed the position of my VSCode sidebar to the right, and I like it a lot.
For people who read from left to right, this is awesome.
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Gm to all Solidity devs except those who haven't switched to Foundry yet
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Solidity v0.8.22 dropped today.
We can say goodbye to the ugly "unchecked { ++i; }" syntax when using for loops.
The compiler will apply unchecked arithmetic by default.
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Proposed Solidity best practice:
Organize your unit tests by using a state tree.
Start by defining the parent nodes as the specific state conditions that drive the behavior of the smart contract.
Then, use empty modifiers to implement the tree, like this:
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Create Eth App v1.1.0 is out ✨
This version brings you four
#DeFi
templates with pre-filled contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs.
👻 create-eth-app --template aave
📈 create-eth-app --template compound
⏳ create-eth-app --template sablier
🦄 create-eth-app --template uniswap
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Here's a Foundry script for deploying a contract at a deterministic address on all EVM chains.
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Struggling w/ a bug in your dapp?
Book me w/
@SablierHQ
!
I spent a lot of time coding in Solidity, Truffle, React & Ethers.js
💯First few mins are free so I understand the bug
💸Afterwards, you stream me money
If I'm not helpful, you can minimise the loss by cancelling early.
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An awesome new feature added in Solidity v0.8.11 is "abi.encodeCall".
It's the same as the good old "abi.encodeWithSelector", but in addition it performs type checks.
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Lots of folks have permanently lost their ERC-20 tokens by accidentally sending them to the ERC-20 contract itself.
Ethereum wallets really need to block these transactions at the UI level.
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Now this is cool.
It's possible to use Hardhat's "console.log" directly in
@EthereumRemix
.
Life keeps gettin' better as an Ethereum dev.
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Kudos to everyone who helped make a freaking awesome website.
It used to be a plain landing page - now it's a repository of high-quality articles, with a sleek design.
You know where to point people who want to learn Ethereum.
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Ok so I just spent only a few minutes skimming through the Solady codebase, but I can confidently say that this is the most impressive Solidity repository I have ever seen.
Shout out to
@optimizoor
and contributors. This is great work.
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Solidity tips I wish I was told on my first day:
1️⃣ Be wary of {over,under}flows
2️⃣ Use a math library instead of the native operators
3️⃣ Yet, don't roll your own math library
4️⃣ Use checks-effects-interactions
5️⃣ Develop a sixth sense for reentrancy
6️⃣ Avoid loops when possible
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1/
After a few weekends in stealth mode, I and
@ZipfelKaden
are incredibly happy to launch Create Eth App today 🚀
This is a CLI tool to create Ethereum-powered React apps with one command🔷⚛️
Try it out: "yarn create eth-app my-eth-app" 💻
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I love the
@coingecko
API:
+ Clean documentation
+ Always up-to-date prices
+ Rapid listing of new coins
+ Free of charge
It's the perfect data solution for a portfolio tracking spreadsheet.
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Random Foundry tip.
You don't need a custom ERC-20 token with infinite minting methods.
You can just use the "deal" cheatcode available in forge-std to mint as many tokens you want in any ERC-20 contract.
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I have a hunch that some of the projects hacked during
@ETHLisbon
will become household names in crypto in a few years time.
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Aaaand it's happened!
I'm one of the first people ever to receive an under-collateralised loan on Etheruem.
I convinced
@pet3rpan_
to lend me 200 DAI by proving him that I'm being paid in real-time on
@SablierHQ
. See stream with id 20 below.
@SablierHQ
@AlexMasmej
@pet3rpan_
now that you can see the money being streamed to me and you know that
@SablierHQ
is a reputable org that doesn't fire its founders, would you lend me 10% of the stream's worth?
I'll pay it back when I get all of the locked up money, that is, on March 11.
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@ashleighschap
Nothing prevents anyone, of any age or gender, from entering crypto. One only needs an Internet connection to become a developer or partake in the governance of a protocol.
What causes the asymmetry is the different *interests* men and women have, at the *population level*.
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I put together a GitHub template for my favourite Solidity setup:
+ Buidler
+ Typechain
+ Ethers
+ Waffle
+ Solhint
+ Solcover
You can fork this once and reuse it infinite times, thanks to the latest template picker in the repo creation UI.
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How I eat 80% of the time:
- 10+ servings of vegetables
- 150g+ of protein: eggs, cheese, salmon, and chicken
- Extra virgin olive oil drizzled on (almost) everything
- Nuts and fruits (as snacks)
- 1-2 meals and 1-2 snacks per day
- Biweekly 36-hour fasts
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If you're low on money, get a job.
If you have some spare cash, quit your job and go build something.
If you're well-off, either continue building or go out of your way to help builders.
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A simple visual guide for how to use "fallback" and "receive" in modern Solidity:
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Feature request for Coinbase, Kraken and friends:
Let me withdraw directly to
@0xPolygon
and
@xdaichain
.
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Need to check if two integers have the same sign in Solidity?
Here's the most gas efficient way to do it:
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Corporations like PayPal will gradually turn into UIs for accessing DeFi.
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In Solidity v0.8 ...
Rookies still use SafeMath.
Normies don't use SafeMath, but they neither use unchecked arithmetic.
Experts go one step further and selectively wrap calculations in an "unchecked" block to save >100 gas per operation.
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Once we all switch to Sepolia, could we plz stop deprecating testnets? 😅
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CoinGecko + Nansen + MetaMask = Bloomberg Terminal for the cool kids.
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How to do founder vesting web3 style:
🖨️ Mint the company shares as ERC20 tokens
💳 Assign it all to a 1-of-n multisig
⏳ For each founder, create a
@SablierHQ
stream w/ their equity allocation & set the duration to 4 years
If a founder leaves, anyone can cancel their stream.
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That zero-knowledge proofs are possible at all is a pretty astonishing fact IMO
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I think it's important for crypto founders to also be crypto users.
If we're not using our own products, nobody will.
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The token distribution curves available in the Sablier UI.
Use them for vesting, payroll, airdrops, and more.
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