Hanna Perekhoda
@HannPerekh
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War is quite an unfavorable environment for the critical deconstruction of historical mythology or for the examination of uncomfortable pages in Ukrainian history. But what will happen is we put this discussion on hold? A few words about the responsibility of intellectuals. 🧵
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Igor Girkin, a Russian ultra-nationalist and war criminal, was arrested. Russian state is actually trying to silence the most prominent supporters of war. The situation is explosive. Let me explain why.
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I was 20 when the war started. Now I am 30. Ten years ago Putin's army occupied my favorite place ever - Crimea. A few weeks later, my native region - Donetsk. Ten years passed and I am still not able to come back home. Two years ago he tried to take away my country, all of it.
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1/ What everyone needs to know about Putin's interview and why ideology matters. As evidenced by numerous public statements from Russian state officials, Ukraine holds a disproportionately important role in their worldview. Their narrative is the following one.
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It always shocks me to see the arrogance with which some “public intellectuals” allow themselves to talk about Russian war in Ukraine from what they think to be a universalist position and how actively they can avoid any direct dialog with the first concerned.
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One of the most common expressions of methodological egocentrism that I meet in Europe and the US is to think that the West is behind all wars on this planet, being the only real actor. Even the Russian ruling classes are deprived of their agentivity, let alone Ukrainian citizens
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One thing is obvious - Girkin, a sincere russian imperial nationalist, was too vocal about the corruption and ineffectiveness of the Russian army. But the growing tension between the state and the Russian nationalists has deep historical logic.
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@ceciliasala
thank you! I am glad to know that it adds something to the debate. Hope it could incite some to pay attention to the domestic dimension of Russian behavior on international stage. I am afraid that without solving these internal Russian problems there is unfortunately no way out.
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... is because the Palestinian struggle allows them to assert their “anti-mainstream” identity in the eyes of their western “progressive” counterparts. Neither Ukrainians nor Palestinians are acting subjects, but only objects of one’s fantasies and projections.
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A lot of my friends were there this day. One of the peaceful protestors was killed by a (pro-)Russian armed man. Police did nothing.
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Only the simultaneous dismantling of these three pillars could possibly put an end to the vicious circle in which the Russian elites are trapping their country, and which is making the existence of Ukrainians unbearable.
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To make a nation united, they know no other solution than war and demand the state to mobilize all resources. But soon they realize: all the ressources were stolen by "elites", while the dreamed "deep Russian folk" is atomized, passive and indifferent, far from being a "nation".
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But being a continental empire, Russian state was unable to separate the national space and the colonized territories. Unlike England or France who could extend political and civic rights within its metropolitan borders while pursuing policies of colonial oppression overseas,...
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... Russian state was unable to do so and continued to maintain the entire population in their status of subjects. Even if the state embraced their rhetoric, the Russian nationalists were denied a political representation and remained frustrated.
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In the late tsarist era, the Russian ultranationalism was also triumphing. In a world where the nation-state was becoming the only legitimate form of political existence, Russian educated strata wanted the state to serve the interests of the Russian "nation" above all.
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Today, Russia remains an empire: to preserve the cohesion of a fragile and heterogenous space and society, it is maintaining its entire population in the status of the “subjects”, ensuring that the principles of democracy and citizenship do not infect its political system.
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Very often, those who think of themselves as “progressive”, in reality, don't give a damn about peoples in struggle. And the only reason why they symbolically support, for example, Palestinians but not Ukrainians ...
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Cooper Andrews gave his life for "the freedom not just of the Ukrainian people but for that of the entire region and beyond". He was an antifascist and a leftist activist from Cleveland. Please donate for his Memorial Fund. More in a🧵
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Russians bombed civilians in Odessa & then rescuers. Russia was using the same method of double bombing in Syria, killing those who come to rescue victims. Silencing Russian crimes in Syria made possible the terror in Ukraine. Russian terror results from impunity. Unkind reminder
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Unable to influence the formation of political will, not only non-Russian minorities, but above all the Russian majority and those who see themselves as their representatives – Russian nationalists – do not feel in their own right as true citizens of their country.
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Paralyzed precisely by its autocratic system, Russia continued to lose power and prestige. Nationalist circles were struggling to come to terms with this statutory failure. To correct this shortcoming, they try to push the rulers into dangerous military adventures, ...
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For them, only by regaining its great power status Russia will consolidate itself as a nation. The real capabilities of a country, however, fall far short of their expectations. The alienation and distrust towards the state continued to grow and exploded in 1917.
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Remember, it was Russian nationalism directed against the inefficient imperial political and economic structures that contributed to the destruction of the USSR. Russian nationalism can kill the empire. It can also build it again, if the conditions remain.
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It’s a very self-centered identity issue and it's very scary. Because you can not fight a psychological self-defense mechanism with rational arguments.
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Territorial extension, political system and cultural hegemony - function like communicating vessels, enabling the empire's self-reproduction.
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This is a huge issue, for ALL of us (Ukrainians included) how to get out of one’s identity bubble and develop empathy and humility in order to build a genuine dialog and active solidarity among the oppressed.
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Workers are ensuring the survival of the Ukrainian state. This is why it is only them who can decide the future of their country. We must ensure their voices are heard. My last article on Open Democracy.
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It also has something to do with deeply internalized individualism – an invisible pillar of capitalist system – that transforms one’s opinions into a symbolic capital whose asset value needs to be constantly maximized, making any collective political action virtually impossible.
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@kolezev
Как известно каждому, главные жертвы войны - это русские. и жертвы ссср - тоже русские. и жертвы царской империи - простой русский народ. и жертвы коллективного запада тоже русские. почему ж никто этого не видит? жалейте русских! че не жалеешь? наверно в морду хочешь?
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It seems to me that a schematic geopolitical thinking and a methodological egocentrism are the main obstacles for building any type of international solidarity.
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11/ Once we make a tiny effort to actually HEAR what Russian ruling classes are saying to us, how can anybody still pretend that this war is about territories and propose Ukraine to give “land” (and millions of people living there) in exchange for “peace”?
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15/ These are essential elements to keep in mind if we want to understand the logic behind Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and especially if we are pretending to propose solutions to end this war.
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The worst thing you can do is to tell that you can give Putin a part of Ukraine and expect to live like before: trade with autocrats, consume and have fun. The status quo is destroyed and those who deny this reality are stupidly or cynically lying to themselves and to others.
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5/ That means that Russia’s mere existence is under threat, because in this worldview ONLY great powers have true political sovereignty, the only other option being to become someone’s colony, like in the 19th century.
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2/ The distinct national identity of Ukrainians is an artificial construct created by the Western enemies (Poles, Austrians, Germans, Nazis, Americans) and their agents (Lenin and Bolsheviks).
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13/ For the ruling classes of an autocratic "great power," whose wealth is based on extreme forms of exploitation and who live in constant fear of popular revolution, the only way to ensure their regime's security is a constant expansion and war.
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3/ Without Russian protection, this artificial and thus unviable Ukrainian state inevitably falls prey to the hostile forces who “implant pseudo-values in the minds” of Ukrainians, making them forget their Russian nature, and employ them as a “battering ram” against Russia.
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14/ A constant war of expansion in defiance of any "rational" strategies theorized by armchair western scholars. What is rational for democracy is not rational for an autocracy, that’s why it is important to take internal politics into account.
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Russian and Ukrainian socialists are sharing the same analysis and are trying to get through to western counterparts with common message. Still, self-centered quasi-colonial arrogance prevails on the western front
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6/ To survive in this world where the only right is the right of the strong, Russia must take control over Ukrainians. To liberate them from a false (Ukrainian) consciousness and let them rediscover their authentic (Russian) self — is a requirement for Russia’s very survival.
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These years of my life are marked by constant feeling of rage, frustration and despair. But these were also years of limitless solidarity and empathy.
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12/ The existence of an independent Ukraine, whether within its internationally recognized or significantly reduced borders, is unacceptable to a regime whose ruling classes are convinced that it is a creation of enemies who use it as a basis to destroy their political regime.
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4/ Destroying the historical unity of Russian people, Ukrainians are part of it of course, the West prevents Russia from taking a rightful great-power position in the world. It is a zero-sum game: if there is an independent Ukraine, Russia cannot become a great power.
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I met hundreds of people from all over the world supporting our struggle and dedicating much of their time and effort to make our voices heard. Their contribution is invaluable. If they exist - there is still hope.
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8/ The presence of an independent state on historical Russian territories will be a constant reason for us to renew hostilities. ... But the Ukrainian population will eventually choose life and realize the fatality of Ukraine's existence for them.
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7/ A prefect summary was made by Dmitry Medvedev. « The existence of Ukraine is deadly for Ukrainians. And I do not mean only the current state, I am talking about any, absolutely any Ukraine. Why?
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9/ Choosing between eternal war, inevitable death and life, the vast majority of Ukrainians (except for a minimal number of nationalists) will ultimately choose life. » (17.01.2024)
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10/ In his interview Putin repeated one more time that the initial war objective – "denazification", a Kremlin's term that simply means the total dismantlement of the Ukrainian statehood – have not changed and the war will continue till Ukraine is "denazified".
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1/ Last week, I was on a trip to Norway and Sweden, invited by local networks of solidarity with Ukraine. I believe that the Nordic countries and their left parties emerge as steadfast backers of Ukraine.
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Here is the recording of our today's discussion with activists and scholars from Vietnam, Palestine, Ukraine and Taiwan. "International (in)security: building solidarity in a rupturing world?" organized by
@commonscomua
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He wants PEACE! Why don't we just accept his peace proposals? 🧵
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When somebody somehow suggests supporting Ukraine more, everyone cries escalation. In Russia, the most influential media personalities discuss bombing major European cities with nukes every fucking day, in prime time. This is "West" that is warmongering, make no mistake.
Kremlin TV host and guests casually discuss which European cities Russia should bomb
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I had a wonderful opportunity to speak on behalf of
@SocRuch
on a summer camp in Utøya, organized by
@sosialist
, the youth league of the Socialist Left Party of Norway.
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Promoting critical reassessment of established narratives should be a part of a broader effort of preserving the democratic future of Ukraine.
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What role does Ukraine play in the Russian state’s political imaginary? What is the genealogy of Russia’s obsession with Ukraine? My article for Posle media. Will be glad to have your feedbacks.
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My last article for New Politics.
"How to Understand Russia’s Imperialist Attitude Toward Ukraine"
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Thanks to Olena Palko and Manuel Ferez Gil a new book - "Ukraine's many faces" - was published! I authored a chapter on political debates regarding the future of soviet Ukraine during 1917-1920.
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History is about analyzing the change. If we examine how Russian policies toward Ukraine were actually changing in time, we can see that at numerous historical junctures Russian elites could have opted for a different path. Choosing another path was, is and always an option.
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🇺🇦👏 Avec le Comité Ukraine-Suisse nous étions 350 hier à Lausanne pour demander l’arrêt immédiat des bombardements. Le retrait complet des troupes russes est un préalable absolu à toute négociation de paix!
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An individual openly supports an imperialist power that advocates for the dismantlement of democratic institutions and freedoms, and publishing houses are distributing books promoting these views. What are we supposed to do in order to safeguard our society? 🧵
🇫🇷🇺🇦
“UKRAINE: why Russia won”
↪️
Am I the only one shocked here that this guy is able to give interviews & signing session in a Parisian bookshop tomorrow afternoon?!?
This📕 isn’t far from an apology of the war crimes committed in 🇺🇦!
No problem with that? Anyone?!
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The crisis of international security caused by the Russian invasion is leading to outbreaks of aggression everywhere. To tell that we can provide local solution to this global crisis is a dangerous political naivety or a conscious cynical choice in favor of the rule of the strong
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Russian ideas about Ukraine are a product of specific material realities of the past. Precisely because they are historically situated means that they are not eternal, but constructed and thus can and should be de-constructed. A basic idea that is still not articulated enough.
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The line between the necessary amplifying of former subalterns’ voices and being uncritical to their narratives is thin. If we put (self-)criticism on hold, we risk to obtain a Ukrainian public space dominated by ethnoprimordialist discourses harboring anti-democratic potential.
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A nation-centered essentialist framework in history-writing, supposed to unite the nation in face of a deadly threat, tends to obscure the historical dynamics in the past, thus becoming an obstacle for seing any potential for a change in the future.
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@andreivkozyrev
I see no contradiction between an obsession with power and a nationalist faith. That is why I do not think that, for exemple, crazy historical theories put forward by Putin and co serve to disguise some 'real' interests.
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As academics whose research and often personal lives are connected to this country, we are not interested to see Ukraine, that is currently fighting the authoritarian and ultraconservative state, to become just like its opponent in the process of this battle.
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In the last episode of Victor's Children podcast, Ilya Matveev and me discuss Putin's war in Ukraine and some common political ideas about it on the Western left.
Share if you find it interesting!
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It is impossible to deny that there is a strong continuity of ideas that shape the attitudes of Russians toward Ukraine. But could it be explained without eventually falling into a trap of an essentialist anachronistic unhistorical thinking?
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It takes form of a following narrative: Russia wants to exterminate Ukraine today because that's what it was always doing, from time immemorial. A method is to pick the examples of anti-Ukrainian discourses and practices from the past, without contextualizing them.
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Idlib today on the 13th anniversary of the Syrian revolution.
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We are entering very dark times and must acknowledge it as quickly as possible. The challenge must be taken seriously, realistically and with the necessary consciousness about the political responsibilities we have. Any other option is a collective suicide, shameful and stupid.
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My article on recognising subaltern agency, abandoning geopolitics and breaking out of the Western-centric worldview in the last issue of the European Alternatives journal. thank you
@euroalter
!
📣After 16 years, we're excited to relaunch the European Alternatives journal!📣
A new space to imagine a future beyond the nation-state. Read and download here:
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Since 2022, many Ukrainian intellectuals rushed to demonstrate that this war is a part of a broader pattern of Russian relation toward Ukraine. But too often a supposedly historical approach becomes unhistorical or even anti-historical.
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Watching how western "anti-imperialists" are cutting off the branch they are sitting on could be just a pitiful spectacle. The problem is that we are all sitting on this damn branch.
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Here is a presentation that I gave in Norwegian parliament, invited there by a political party Rødt. I tried to summarize my analysis of the reasons behind this war and critically assess the impact of solutions that are currently advanced.
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The general public may make a conclusion that a hate toward Ukraine is somehow a part of a Russian DNA and will persist independently of any historical change.
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The most terrible wars happen when the moral confusion make us forget that democratic liberties are not just empty words, they are the fragile achievements of our parent's struggles that must be constantly preserved in the face of obscurantist and authoritarian forces.
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Thank you
@G_der_Gegenwart
for publishing my article on the role of Ukraine in Russian national narrative! Special thanks to
@glebalbert
for translation and patience
Mit welchen Narrativen wurde die Ukraine seit dem 19. Jhd. ins Zentrum der imaginierten russischen Nation gestellt? Die Historikerin Hanna Perekhoda über die Geschichte der imperialen Blindheit Russlands und die Wurzeln seiner Überlegenheitsdiskurse.
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6/ Nordic countries and their left parties may become leaders in catalyzing change. They could dispel the notion that military security is inherently at odds with social justice. Forging a path toward common European security and fortifying social equality must go hand in hand.
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My last article for
@analysekritik
"Der Ukraine-Krieg ist kein lokaler Konflikt, sondern Ausdruck einer globalen Krise"
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« Pour réfléchir aux solutions, il faut au moins ne pas se tromper sur les causes ». Merci
@_revuepolitique
pour la publication de mon interview.
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“Stop the War” Means “Death to the Dictatorship”. The statement of the Russian Socialist Movement about the means of achieving peace in Ukraine. 🧵
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@Magnus_Fiskesjo
Thanks! would you recommend some reading on this subject? I've read an interesting study on nationalism in China recently. Would like to know more
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These recent years, he put much energy into
@UkraineSol
, defending the genuine internationalist perspective in supporting our people against the Russian imperialism. Ukrainian working class, its past and future, was at the core of everything Marko wrote about.
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Comité Ukraine Vaud invite!
Journal de guerre: Ukraine et Russie du 24 février à aujourd’hui. Conférence d’André Markowicz, auteur de l’ouvrage Et si l’Ukraine libérait la Russie?
Mercredi 3 mai – 20h, Maison du Peuple, pl. Chauderon 5, 003 Lausanne
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People struggle against external aggression. People struggle against internal oppression. North and South, East and West. Their potential and strength are different. But to oppose them and to pretend that only your fight has a monopoly on morality is silly and counterproductive
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2/ My primary objective was to underscore the critical importance of bolstering support for Ukraine. Nordic left politicians confirmed their support. Not only for the immediate military needs of Ukraine but also for our pursuit of a just society in the aftermath of the war.
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Mon dernier article dans le
@Politis_fr
. La guerre fait rage mais la gauche ukrainienne ne lâche aucun des deux fronts.
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His manuscript of The Workers' Movement and the National Question in Ukraine made me discover the forgotten struggle of the Ukrainian anti-imperial left. Marko’s book is one of the main reasons why I chose to do historical research.
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His writings and the memory of his kindness, warmth and endless passion for history will help me keep going. Thank you, Marko. You will be forever loved and missed.
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Interesting interview with
@joeyayoub
What should be the anti-imperialist international solidarity and what if your ally is an imperialist?
We talked about this cornerstone issue with Lebanese researcher
@joeyayoub
in the context of Syria, Palestina, Lebanon, Ukraine and other countries.
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Convaincus que la solidarité internationale doit se constituer par en bas, le Comité Ukraine Suisse soutient l'auto-organisation des Ukrainien-ne-s. Aidez-les à construire l’Ukraine de demain!
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Will be in the US (Chicago, New York, San Francisco) from September 1 to 15 to give a couple of lectures.
Available for a drink.
Would be grateful for recommendations on what to see/whom to meet.
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I remember the day, in may 2018, when we were drinking coffee in Paris cafe. For almost an hour, we were exchanging on the history of the Ukrainian left. And then, just before paying the bill, he told me about his disease, like if it was an insignificant detail.
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It does mean a lot for us to have your solidarity in these turbulent times!
@nvillumsen
@HannaGedin
@bmoxnes
@ingridfiskaa
@Klassekampen
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Since that moment, every time we talked again I was holding back tears. And hating myself for being weak. Because Marko, on the contrary, was exuding an energy field of confident optimism.
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3/ The Ukrainian authorities dismantle labour law, radically undermining social cohesion at a time that Ukraine needs it so much. I urged deputies to exert pressure on Ukrainian authorities and to express their concern over these anti-worker initiatives.
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