Gergely Orosz
@GergelyOrosz
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Writing @Pragmatic_Eng, the #1 technology newsletter on Substack. Author of @EngGuidebook. Formerly Uber & Skype.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Joined April 2009
Substack launched analytics insights and: wow. Thank you to everyone reading @Pragmatic_Eng!
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GitHub Copilot is the most frequently mentioned AI tool by software devs as per The Pragmatic Engineer 2025 survey: . My deepdive with Thomas about the past, present and future of GitHub in this recent The Pragmatic Engineer Podcast episode:.
newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com
Which tools do software engineers use for backend development, frontend, infrastructure, AI tooling, and more, today? Reader survey, with feedback and analysis, based on 3,000+ responses
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This number (20 million+ users using GH Copilot) is wild because… most estimates put the # of all professional software developers in the world somewhere between 20-30 million. GitHub Copilot either is getting ~100% adoption (unlikely) or it’s expanding the dev pool (likely!).
GitHub Copilot has crossed 20 million users – up more than 5 million from last quarter. We’re also seeing explosive AI growth on GitHub, with AI projects more than doubling over the past year. And it’s all because of grit. It’s no secret the market Copilot introduced has heated
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An educated guess is this is a migration gone terribly wrong… again, thanks to assuming they can do a sloppy migration with long downtime. The way you do migrations well is planning for zero downtime. Or the very least have a robust rollback plan. More:
newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com
A guide for executing migrations well, at both small and large scales.
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When preparing for a zero-uptime upgrade you invest a LOT of time into things like shadowing, monitoring, having a rollback plan that works etc. You do none of this when knowing “we’ll have 6 hours to take the full site offline.”. So you don’t know how to even rollback….
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I wonder if old-school companies used to doing updates by going offline for hours cause more outages thanks to refusing to plan zero downtime updates. Dutch mobile carrier Odido (formerly: T-Mobile) scheduled a site+app update for 6 hours. It’s down for 32 hours and counting…
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In conclusion:. 1. If company’s stock “pops” on IPO - a bunch of people grumble how the company “left money on the table” or how “insiders could have gained profits” (eg Figma, now). 2. If the stock doesn’t “pop” and stays lower than IPO price 6 months later: employees.
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Exactly right. Uber’s IPO did not “pop.” It was the opposite of Figma’s (where the OP says employees somehow got “stolen” by insiders). Instead, employees were owed taxes on $45 shares when Uber traded at ~$27 6 months laters, when lockup ended! Some sued…
@GergelyOrosz The absolute nightmare as an employee is the opposite honestly. They IPO at X, you owe X in taxes, then it loses 50+% in value and now the IRS hates you.
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My analysis from 2023: Imagine if the FTC did not block this deal: Figma employees would have made a bunch of money (but possibly less than now, when the lockup period expires.). Customers would not have a superb alternative to Adobe in Figma. Everyone.
newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com
Regulators were always unlikely to allow Adobe’s $20B acquisition of Figma, and this intervention will have a ripple effect.Even fewer Big Tech companies buying startups. We analyze what it all means.
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Two years ago, the FTC blocked Adobe buying Figma (the market leader in UX design tools) for $20B. The purchase would have allowed Adobe to stay a design tool monopoly. Today, Figma went public, valued $47B on the first day of trading. More competition leads to better outcomes?
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Sure, Figma as a company could have raised a lot more money found with a direct listing. Like Spotify in 2018. But Figma didn’t do this. This meant that any upside of the stock (like now) would not reflect in more capital raised. But who are we feeling sorry for? Not Figma….
@y_molodtsov Yes, but they didn’t. So why do we feel sorry for Figma when the company knowingly and willingly skipped the direct listing? Spotify did the direct listing; it was a success. Figma decided it wanted a fixed amount raised and was happy to give up upside (and ringfence downside).
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Also this account conveniently omits IPOs where institutional investors paid more for the stock than it launched on trading day:. Uber - investors paid $45 but stock started trading at $42 in 2019. Same investment banks… who do not control retail demand (or lack of!)
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Founders also decide: they don’t have to sell a dime at IPO! Many founders keep holding the stock. An IPO is a means for the company to raise capital - and allow stock holders to publicly trade stock after. Figma raised the capital it planned to do. So their IPO is a success!.
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Someone doesn’t understand IPOs:. “Since 2020, this cartel has stolen over $100 billion that should have gone to real value creators: founders, employees”. False! Figma employees have a 6-month lockup. They can then *decide* to sell vested shares for market price from then!.
Figma just left $2.3 BILLION on the table -- nearly double what they actually raised. IPO'd at $33. Target open at $95. That's not "market excitement". It's deliberate underpricing and legalized theft by investment banks who sold it cheap to their institutional buddies. Retail.
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Here is one way to report $1M ARR with 2 companies you control, and $84,000 in cash:. 1. Company A buys $84,000 worth of monthly services from company B. 2. Company B buys the same from Company A. Both transfer $84K to the other every month. On paper both have $1M ARR… ofc it’s.
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I went through the website of this company. Zero details on anything, beyond jobs they recruit for. Hints about a mythical portfolio company that makes $1M. How? Doing what? Is it by making an even larger loss or actually turning a profit?. Feels like a publicity stunt honestly
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I’m getting tired of “ARR marketing” that looks made up when you look closer. This below announcement is a good example. It claims that a company called Clover Labs passed $1M in annual recurring revenue. Impossible to find out what they sell, how much, and how anyone can buy….
Clover Labs is the fastest growing startup in Canada ever. $0 -> $1M ARR (annual revenue run rate) in just 42 days. 1/ Here's how we did it:
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While every other web app was busy tying to optimize React or Vue to built a performative web app: Figma sidestepped all of this by building a C++ engine running in WebAssembly, and having a smooth multiplayer UX no other product can hope to come close to….
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Everyone surprised Figma uses Ruby might be missing the forest from the tree. What is amazing about Figma’s tech stack is not Ruby, or not using GraphQL in my view. It’s that they built a full-on cross-platform rendering engine in C++ and how web devs still wrote C++ at Figma
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Figma is going public today (31 July). Here's their tech stack, at a high-level, from the deepdive with CTO Kris Rasmussen in The Pragmatic Engineer back in 2023:. The full deepdive on how Figma operates from an engineering point of view: (And congrats to
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(Keep talking with the GPM):. “These are low-fidelity mockups that happen to be high fidelity. 10 years ago we used Balsamiq mockups for the same use case. That was slower, and had more friction. I don’t expect to see working software: I expect a tighter feedback loop between.
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