Solidity ABI Encoding is NOT easy to master. But important. And, this is the ONLY article you need. 📢 Releasing Part-1 of the ABI Encoding Article series. best part: It's written for devs of all levels ( ELI5 ). Quick Short Thread ( link below 👇)

with modular future, we will continue to see the rise in specialists with very specific set of expertise. Read more about it in the article below:.

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- With Polymer's Prove API, it allows developers to generate cryptographic proofs for any event, transaction, or storage slot across rollups.

- @Polymer_Labs : Polymer takes a different approach. Instead of relying on third-party messaging standards, Polymer introduces proof-based interoperability, where state updates between rollups happen natively and efficiently.

- IVMs are a new framework that aims to further improve the verification game using programmability, horizontal scalability, and improved security with its existing SEDA Main chain.

3. Verification Specialists.- @sedaprotocol with IVM provides a decentralized, programmable verification framework that is designed to offer customized Oracle programs that can enable verification across all VMs to provide secure and specialized inter-chain communication.

2. Solver Coordination and Intent Fulfilment Specialists.- @khalani_network : A collaborative framework for solvers, addressing limitations in the traditional competitive landscape of intent-solving systems. - @nomial_io : Designed to specifically address liquidity challenges.

1. User Intent Settlement Specialists:.- @AcrossProtocol: an intent settlement specialist that supports the settlement of any cross-chain intent. - @EverclearOrg : Aims to provide infra for efficient and fast settlement of solvers using a netting mechanism.

This shift has not just improved security and efficiency but also allowed customization, where applications can select the best solutions for their specific needs. This can already be seen in different stacks of interoperability architectures:.

The rise of modular interoperability has specialized each component, allowing protocols to excel at one function rather than being forced to handle everything.

Modular interoperability thesis separates the stack into independent layers, allowing each component to specialize in a single action. Instead of, different layers handle different tasks—one for relaying, one for execution, one for verification, and so on.

here's the thing about modular stacks in web3. Modularization Creates Specialists. This means: 🧵 👇

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Quite similarly, Modular interoperability stacks divide these duties to specific stacks in the layer, thus making the protocol more scalable, faster, and effective. And that’s what we call the Modular Interoperability Thesis. articles below for a deep-dive.

Modular chains divide the entire stack into separate layers each responsible for a specific task and can work independently. For example in the Ethereum world, EigenDA and Avail act as the Data Availability layer, Monad for the execution layer, etc.

Monolithic chains ( e.g. Bitcoin ) handle every single duty on the same layer - like execution, consensus, and data availability.

Instead of a single system handling everything, different layers handle different tasks—one for relaying, one for execution, one for verification, and so on. This, however, isn’t a new phenomenon. We have seen this before with blockchains themselves.

Modular interop solves this by separating the stack into independent layers, allowing each component to specialize in a single function.

monolithic interoperability protocols handled all aspects of cross-chain communication—relaying messages, verifying transactions, and securing the network—all within a tightly coupled system. This approach lacked flexibility and struggled to scale as the number of chains grew.

Interoperability is evolving from a monolithic to a modular design. diagram by @0xJim