Happy to share our paper on Tfh specialization in antibody production on type-1 (virus) and type-2 immune responses (parasites, allergy). 1/11 #Tfhcells #germinalcentre #antibodies #immunology #bioinformatics. @kumar @imm @fmul @FilipaR @lgraca.

RT @JoTraceyJa: Wise words from Gabriel Victora, a scientist whose vision and insights are a constant source of inspiration 💫 https://t.co/….

RT @romaovc: Happy to present at #ACR24 our first data on scRNAseq and spatial transcriptomics in #Sjogrens. Minor salivary glands of early….

RT @CaixaResearchCA: 🤔🦠 Why is the flu vaccine less effective in older adults?. A new study co-led by #CaixaResearch investigator @lgraca (….

Happy to share the tweetorial of @saum_kmr, @YangLi_Lab on vaccine responsiveness in older adults. Timely as it is time to get the flu shot #VaccinesWork! I'm proud to be involved in the study! @GIMM_Institute @CaixaResearch.

RT @saum_kmr: Glad to present our work on #flu #vaccine response in the elderly published in @ScienceAdvances. @Helmholtz_CiiM @YangLi_Lab.….

First day at our new institute. Today, @GIMM_Institute officially started. I found this welcome note to remind me that while my office remains the same, exciting times are ahead! #science #discovery

This work was only possible with support from several organizations: @CaixaResearch @fct_pt @PesquisaFapesp among others.

Thanks to @ElianePiaggio @jimena75656604 @margarida_gamac - critical collaborators in this work, and @CyrilPedia for discussions.

Overall, we established the specialization of Tfh cells towards type-1 and -2 responses. The distinct characteristics of these cells may provide new therapeutic targets. 11/11

Within the Tfh heterogeneity, we found a population of Tfh cells expressing Gzmk (but without cytotoxicity markers), specifically among Tfh1. With the help of Jens Geginat we found Gzmk+ Tfh cells among CMV-specific Tfh cells in humans. 10/11

Using scRNA-seq, we observed that within the Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells there is heterogeneity. Furthermore, using spacial transcriptomics @nanostringtech #GeoMx, these Tfh cells could be mapped to distinct compartments of the lymph node (Germinal centre/ B cell follicle/…) 9/11

We could even image Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells preferentially located in germinal centers induced under type-1 or -2 conditions (thanks Seth, and Ed!). 8/11 #RNAscope

But are all Tfh cells in a type-1 response Tfh1 and vice-versa? We used single-cell transcriptomics to look at each Tfh cell in the two conditions. We found that there is always a small (~10%) proportion of Tfh cells of the opposite type. 7/11 #scRNAseq #SingleCell

Functionally, sorted Tfh1 and Tfh2 behaved differently in vitro (that was reassuring!). Cytokine production and even help to class switching was consistent with their in-vivo function. 6/11

We used #MachineLearning (#elasticNet #lasso) to find the minimal number of genes that could discriminate the two subsets. We validated the genes with samples from different labs and real infections (virus and parasites) 5/11

First, we immunized mice with type-specific adjuvants to obtain TCR-transgenic Tfh cells from draining lymph nodes in two different strains of mice. Their transcriptome showed Tfh cells differ from Th cells, and type-1 from type-2. Promising! 4/11 #ComputationalBiology

Are there Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells? In human blood, Tfh subsets resembling Tfh1 and Tfh2 were described, but not confirmed in lymphoid tissue, and Tfh1-like cells appear to be suppressive (Groundbreaking work from @ueno). We investigated this issue in mice. 3/11

Once upon a time, immunologists believed Th1 and Th2 cells interact with B cells in the germinal centre inducing isotype switching (to IgG2a in virus infections and IgG1 with allergy/parasites). Work of @carola @dong etc… showed that only Tfh cells interact with B cells. 2/11

RT @powrie_lab: Thrilled to be sharing the wonderful news that work from our lab @haemyisu @emilyethornton and @teichlab @RBartolom has bee….