Of the writing I have done, this was the most personal and special. A dedication to all parents who are doctors, and of course my baby girl. Out today in @AnnalsofIM , “Doctor Dad”. Thank you, Dr. Lacomb for the beautiful reading.

10/10 Thanks to my amazing co-authors and the infection prevention community working to make indoor spaces safer! 🙏 @CUDeptMedicine @CUDivHospMed #InfectionPrevention #IndoorAirQuality #PublicHealth #EngineeringControls #COVID19 #RespiratoryInfections #Evidence

9/10 🎯 MOVING FORWARD: We need: ✅ More human outcome studies ✅ Standardized intervention classifications ✅ Better reporting of both benefits AND harms ✅ Real-world effectiveness trials The framework is there - now we need better evidence.

8/10 💡 WHY THIS MATTERS: Indoor air quality affects everyone. Post-COVID, there's huge interest in engineering controls, but our review shows the evidence base has significant limitations. We're making policy decisions with incomplete information.

7/10 🏥 REAL-WORLD IMPACT: The heterogeneity in study designs makes it challenging to give clear guidance to healthcare facilities, schools, and offices about which engineering controls to prioritize. We need more standardized approaches to evaluation.

6/10 ⚠️ SAFETY BLIND SPOT: Studies rarely measured harms like toxic byproducts from disinfection systems. We need to know not just "does it work?" but "is it safe for continuous human exposure?" This gap is especially important for occupied spaces.

5/10 🧪 WHAT DO STUDIES ACTUALLY MEASURE? Most commonly: Non-pathogenic organisms in air (332 studies) Non-biological particles (197 studies) Actual pathogens (149 studies) Translation: We're often measuring proxies, not the bugs that actually make us sick.

4/10 ⚙️ WHAT INTERVENTIONS WORK? We found 3 main categories: 🦠 Pathogen INACTIVATION (405 studies) - UV-C, heat, chemicals 🌪️ Pathogen REMOVAL (200 studies) - filtration, air cleaning 💨 Air EXCHANGE/DILUTION (143 studies) - ventilation systems

3/10 🔬 Of those 672 studies, only 57 (8.5%) included human participants. Most research (90%) only looked at environmental samples - not actual infection outcomes in people. This is a major evidence gap! 🚨

2/10 📊 THE SCOPE: We systematically reviewed 672 studies published between 1929-2024 examining engineering interventions to reduce indoor respiratory infection transmission. That's almost a CENTURY of research on making indoor air safer! 🕰️

🧵 THREAD (1/10) 🏢💨 How effective are engineering controls at stopping respiratory infections indoors? Our new scoping review in @AnnalsofIM https://t.co/4VOFUNQZgk

New article alert 🚨 🔔 ‼️ The #GapYear(s) between #residency & #fellowship can be quite controversial… Check out our latest article reviewing a powerful anecdote as well as relevant literature! (Scroll ⬆️ for link)

Honored to be featured by @AnnalsofIM. Writing this was a profoundly personal experience, and I'm grateful to have it as part of the "On Being a Doctor' section. Thank you, Dr. Lacomb, for the beautiful reading @CUMedicalSchool @CUDivHospMed @marishaburden @vineet_chopra

Such a privilege to welcome the best in the business, Editor-in-Chief @AnnalsofIM, Dr. Christine Laine to @CUAnschutz 🏔️. Great Q&A with researchers from @CUDivHospMed. Looking forward to @CUDeptMedicine Grand Rounds tomorrow! @vineet_chopra @marishaburden

4/4 My key takeaway: docs and patients stand to benefit from adopting AI. The more optimal results in a more often by AI speak to the power of this technology. The adapters will outpace the non-adopters, and it is similar to the steam engine vs. hammer analogy.

3/4 Authors used Cedars-Sinai Connect, an AI-assisted virtual urgent care clinic, with intake questions via structured chat to compare initial AI recommendations with physician recommendations.

2/4 Many are using AI in patient care. Curious about AI taking the wheel and outperforming physicians in clinical decision-making? Is this our John Henry moment in medicine ?

Day 2 reflections at ACP #IM2025. Plenary about New Studies in the @AnnalsofIM. AI vs. MD clinical decision making. Let's dive in. Check the link to read the full paper #AI #HealthcareAI #MedAI #newstudy https://t.co/nQwsIUUJGf 🧵1/4

At this morning’s #IM2025 plenary session, the authors of three breaking scientific articles on switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide, AI-driven clinical recommendations, and cannabis for chronic pain management presented the findings of their research to a packed house.

For those interested in being Editorial Fellows @AnnalsofIM for the next academic year, follow the link to apply. Applications are open until April 7th