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Carlijn van Baak Profile
Carlijn van Baak

@carlijnvanbaak

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criminologist | postdoc researcher @nscr_instituut | intimate partner violence, bystanders & gender

Utrecht, Nederland
Joined March 2020
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Future research on bystanders’ perspectives and experiences is crucial to identify the barriers they experience and how their needs could potentially be supported in combating domestic violence. 4/4.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Further, we see some differences between intimate terrorism (IT) and situational couple violence (SCV). In IT, concerns related to the well-being of the woman (sometimes including fear for lethal abuse), whereas in SCV the involvement of children appeared to be crucial. 3/4.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Results indicate that bystanders report when there is a clear need of help, centering the well-being of victim(s). Reporting is often part of a continuum of actions, is often done as a last resort and tends to impact the bystander emotionally. 2/4.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Just out in Journal of Interpersonal Violence (w/ @v_eichelsheim, Don Weenink & @MarieLindegaard)! Relying on case file data, we analyze why bystanders report IPV to a domestic violence agency in the Netherlands. 1/4
journals.sagepub.com
As intimate partner violence (IPV) often remains unknown to police, bystanders can play a crucial role in prevention and further escalation of IPV. However, lit...
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
We argue that sociocultural aspects of FGM and early marriage need to be considered in policy & research, in particular the age at which these practices occur, as this may further exacerbate women’s vulnerability to IPV victimization. 6/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
FGM & early marriage by itself were not associated w/ risk of IPV. Yet, experiencing FGM between age 10-14 was associated w/ higher odds of IPV. For women aged <30, those who experienced FGM age <10 and were married between age 10-14 had highest odds of IPV victimization. 5/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Results indicate many women in SL suffer from physical IPV (around 50%). Women aged <30 (who likely haven't experienced war) were especially likely to experience early FGM, child marriage & IPV, suggesting that VAW remains problematic in post-conflict landscape. 4/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
During SL civil war, many girls & women were victimized by sexual violence & forced into marriage, which may increase vulnerability for revictimization. As such, we also analyze IPV risk among age groups (i.e., those who experienced war and those who haven't). 3/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Specifically, we examine the role of female genital mutilation (FGM) and early age at marriage on IPV. Both practices – which are closely linked to one another in SL – are known to increase risk of negative health consequences & IPV. 2/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Just out in @JOFVTweets ! Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys, we analyze risk factors of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) for women in Sierra Leone – a post-conflict sub-Saharan African country w/ some of the highest rates of IPV. 1/6.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Offenders' accountability has previously been found to improve victim’s next of kin’s well-being. This information could be used to prepare next of kin for the execution, and it could be worthwhile to consider restorative justice efforts within the capital punishment system. 7/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
More practically, these findings suggest that victim’s next of kin who witness the execution are generally more likely to be exposed to statements that indicate offenders' accountability rather than a justification. 6/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Our results highlight the need for nuanced understanding of complexity of cognitive processes of individuals facing execution. Neutralizations may become less stable over time. We're collecting data to analyze if neutralizations among homicide offenders change over the yrs. 5/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Consistent w/ prior research, statements centered on gratitude/love, religion/spirituality, guilt/deservingness, forgiveness & activism. Those who neutralized their offense also expressed these themes, even their guilt/deservingness. 4/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Only a small portion (25%) justified the offense, with denial of responsibility being most common (e.g., I did not do it, I was forced). Techniques found in other studies w/ homicide offenders (e.g., denial of victim) were rare. We also analyzed other emergent themes. 3/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
We qualitatively analyzed last statements made by those sentenced to death for homicide in Texas between 1982 and 2022 (N=578). We analyzed if those convicted of homicide engaged in techniques of neutralization (Sykes & Matza, 1957) in their statements. 2/7.
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
Our article, w/ Cooper Maher & @behayes4, on the last statements by death row offenders prior to execution just got published in @HomicideStudies! 1/7
journals.sagepub.com
Extant research suggests that offenders use techniques of neutralization. Using qualitative analysis, we examine the presence or absence of techniques of neutra...
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
2 years
As one of the PhD fellows on this project, I could not recommend this position enough. Really interesting research with practical relevance👇🏼.
@NSCR_Instituut
NSCR.nl
2 years
#JobVacancy: NSCR is hiring a three-year #PhD fellow to take part in the Vidi project “Conflicts, Violence and Bystanders in Action”, supervised by prof. @MarieLindegaard. Do you want to learn more about the role of #bystanders in #conflicts? See
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@carlijnvanbaak
Carlijn van Baak
3 years
RT @Wetenschap: Hoe kan de wetenschap verklaren waarom er niet werd ingegrepen bij #DWDD? @MarieLindegaard van @FMG_UvA vertelt over o.a. h….
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