Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion in ATN1, which encodes the transcriptional co-repressor Atrophin-1. DRPLA...

Alzheimers disease (AD) affects 6.9 million people over the age of 65 in the US and is expected to double by 2060. While FDA approved immunotherapies slow cognitive decline in some individuals with...

Visual stimuli changing at constant temporal frequencies induces sharp peaks in the power spectrum of the electroencephalogram (EEG) over the visual cortex at the driving frequency and its harmonics,...

The central melanocortin system, composed of peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) such as the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH) and melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R), along...

Repeated exposure to stimuli elicits decreasing sensory neural responses over time (adaptation). However, resulting behavioral responses can either weaken over time (habituation) or remain invariant,...

The isolation of specific cell types of the brain is essential to study cell-type-specific differences in complex neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease. This protocol isolates oligodendr...

Two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P) regulate neuronal excitability by acting as hyperpolarizing leak channels. Among them, THIK2 remain poorly characterized. Although no study has yet clearly...

The olfactory bulb (OB), the first central relay of the olfactory pathway, plays a critical role in odor perception and exhibits remarkable structural plasticity shaped by environmental influences....

Animals continuously extract and evaluate diverse sensory information from the environment to guide behavior. Yet, how neural circuits integrate multiple, potentially conflicting, inputs during...

Tilia extract has been used for centuries as a sedative and hypnotic compound. The impact of Tilia on sleep architecture and circadian rhythm remained, however, elusive. Here, we addressed these open...

Axons that are damaged locally due to stretch or crush injury often undergo widespread and irrecoverable damage. Transient elevation of cytosolic free calcium across extended regions of the axon, and...

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is proposed to be an autoimmune disorder targeting hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin, Hcrt) neurons. Hcrt reactive T-cells have been identified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid...

High frequency broadband activity (HFB; 70-150 Hz) indexes local brain activity. It is predominantly studied using invasive measures due to signal drop off from skull attenuation. We hypothesized...

Flower isoforms regulate cellular fitness and are implicated in neurodegeneration and tumor progression, yet their mechanisms remain unclear. Using Flower knockout mice, we identify the N- and...

Deficits in social behavior, such as reduced motivation and social avoidance, are key symptoms in several psychiatric disorders. Distinct modes of reward, such as drug and social, may rely on...

Childhood neglect and deprivation are the most common forms of adversity, yet their biological impact on cognitive development--and how enrichment mitigates these effects--remains unclear. Using...

Neural activity at goal locations contributes to learning by providing feedback on the success of preceding actions. This period engages neocortical and hippocampal networks, which serve distinct...

Luminosity thresholds define the luminance boundary at which a surface color shifts in appearance from being perceived as an illuminated surface to appearing self-luminous. Previous research suggests...

Understanding how task knowledge is encoded neurally is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms underlying adaptive behavior. Here, we test the theory that all task information is integrated into a...

The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and its related measure, fractional ALFF (fALFF), are widely used resting-state fMRI techniques for quantifying spontaneous neural activity within...