The core miRNA biogenesis enzyme Dicer1 sustains recurrent mutations in cancer that compromise its RNase IIIb domain, which cleaves 5p arms of pre-miRNA hairpins. However, the lack of knockin models...

Faithful DNA replication in Escherichia coli requires the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (DNA pol III HE) and its clamp loader complex, which couples processive DNA synthesis with β2 clamp loading....

Enzymes are central to life, with their catalytic activity often shaped by the dynamic conformations of regulatory loops. In hub enzymes such as tyrosine kinases, the activation loop critically...

O-glycopeptidases are enzymes that hydrolyze the peptide bonds in glycoproteins by a mechanism that involves specific recognition of O-linked glycans on the substrate. Bacteroides caccae , an...

Determining the high-resolution structure of the widely expressed non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A), in its dephosphorylated shutdown state, is important in understanding its regulation and disease roles....

N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that represents a critical quality attribute (CQA) for therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), directly affecting drug...

Understanding the main sources of microplastic pollution is key towards developing efficient measures to reduce microplastic loadings to marine waters. Yet identifying the main sources of marine...

Background: Previous studies have shown the metabolic and regulatory significance of CYP46A1 in the adult retina; however, its role in the developing retina is unknown. Here, we evaluate CYP46A1...

The energetic limits of Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical reactivity required reconsideration after the discovery of far-red light acclimation responses in cyanobacteria. Insights on PSII functio...

Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA repair pathway that utilizes a template-based approach to repair double-strand breaks within the genome. Template utilization requires the exchange of individ...

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed structural biology by enabling near-atomic resolution of large macromolecular complexes without the need for crystallization. Here, we describe our...

ZNFX1 is an SF1-family RNA helicase essential for innate immunity. Patients with ZNFX1 mutations experience recurrent infections, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We determined cryo-EM...

Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) domain proteins are β-pore forming toxins (β-PFTs) involved in the pathogenesis of various organisms. Among them, Perforin-like proteins (PLPs), produced by...

Conformational changes underlie many aspects of protein function, yet current structure prediction tools remain limited in their ability to systematically sample structural ensembles. Here, we...

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels generate rhythmic electrical activity in cardiac and neuronal tissues, with isoform-specific cAMP sensitivity remaining poorly...

Studying cell adhesion dynamics is critical to understand how cells interact with the extracellular matrix and how they migrate. Conventional microscopy techniques for interfacial studies either lack...

Sphingolipids function both as signaling molecules and as organizers of cell membranes, and their dysregulation has been linked to cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. A central node...

Paralogs are widespread, but their physiological roles are often masked by redundancy. H-NS, a nucleoid-associated protein in Gram-negative bacteria, typically coexists with paralogs such as StpA,...

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) promotes risk for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in children and young adults. Pathogenic variants in the voltage-gated potassium channel...

Type II NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2s) are accessory enzymes of the bacterial electron transport chain (ETC). While they functionally overlap with Complex I, their main role is not proton translocation...