And "root" (as in √3 "square root of 3") is a translation of Sanskrit mūla मूल, which has the meanings "root" and "base", the latter of which was the one intended by the ancient Indian mathematicians. 2/3

Sine (trigonometric function of an angle)- The Sanskrit word for chord-half was jya-ardha. This was brought into Arabic as jiba. Latin translators took it as jaib (opening at neck or bosom) translating it as Sinus (the bosom of a garment) from which we got the modern Sine. 3/3

@RSSxve @garimagarg_ Hindi because in Arabic, it means ''Indian'' Relative adjective (nisba) composed of الْهِنْد (al-hind, “India”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).

@shinjiSanskrit @Bhaktirassagar No, Hindi in Arabic means Indian. Relative adjective (nisba) composed of الْهِنْد (al-hind, “India”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).

@avtansa this is an awesome book for those interested in history of maths; albeit to be taken with a little more than a pinch of salt (for its factual inaccuracies- some of which Ifrah couldn't have known at his time.)

@avtansa the Codex Vigilianus, by Vigila, a monk at the Albelda monastery in northern Spain, dated 976, contains the earliest known example of the Hindu-Arabic numerals in Europe.

@avtansa also interesting is the journey of the European form of these numerals, post apices stage (12th century onwards)- notice that while 1,3,6,8,9,0 havent changed much, 4,5,7 seem to have undergone quite a no. of "mutations"

@avtansa The Maghrebis still call western Arabic numerals "Arabic", and Eastern Arabic numerals "Hindi." And there are endless wars on this subject. E.g. Tunisians would use Eastern Arabic numerals before the French colonization and shortly after it, but they now reject them as "Hindi."