𝗦𝗤𝗟 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 "𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁" 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗲. 𝗡𝗼𝗦𝗤𝗟 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 "𝗛𝗼𝘄" 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗶𝘁. If you want to understand modern databases, you need to speak the language. Here are 6 terms from my new guide that every engineer should know: ✅ 𝗞𝗲𝘆

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐀𝐩𝐩 𝐢𝐬𝐧’𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬. If I asked you to design a chat app for 1 Billion users, you’d probably focus on the message delivery. 🔷 50 Billion messages a day. 🔷 1.5 Million writes per second. 🔷

𝟏𝟔 𝐂𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 Read full post: https://t.co/m34qGWnVb7 Cache Hit. Requested data found immediately Cache Miss. Data not found in cache TTL. Cache entry expiry time Eviction

𝟏𝟔 𝐍𝐨𝐧-𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 Join by Substack to read more: https://t.co/sKJuEdTfJq 1. Scalability: System grows with more users. 2. High Availability:

𝟏𝟔 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐀𝐏𝐈 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 Understand 16 essential API fundamentals with clear explanations and quick examples to help you build better backend systems and ace interviews. Read the full post at

𝟏𝟔 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 Learn these database partitioning concepts before your next system design interview: https://t.co/BNGNJJtEf2 Sharding. Splitting data across servers

𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐨 𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐠𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐤𝐞𝐞𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐬 𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 — 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤? From Netflix to Amazon, reliability isn’t an accident — it’s engineered. In our latest blog, we break down 8 techniques for building reliable

𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭-𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐯𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭-𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 When you hit “Buy Now,” should your app wait for each service to respond, or just publish an event and move on? That’s the key difference between 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭-𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧

𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐂𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 I’ve interviewed hundreds of engineers, and I can tell you this: 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬𝐧’𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐲; 𝐢𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭. Most candidates guess. The great ones understand

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝟕 𝐃𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐥𝐲 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 (𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐀𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐋𝐢𝐤𝐞 𝐚 𝐏𝐫𝐨) Ever freeze when you hear: “Design Twitter”? You’re not alone. Most engineers walk into system design interviews with strong coding

𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 Everyone adds read replicas to scale reads — but what about writes? In our latest blog, we break down four proven patterns to handle write-heavy workloads that

𝟕-𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐩 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧 👉 Day 1 – Understand the Big Picture The Best Way to Learn System Design — https://t.co/SSwlkfskO7 👉 Day 2 – Learn the Core Building Blocks System Design Concepts You Can Learn in an Hour —

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 Most candidates focus on diagrams. The best ones 𝐟𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞-𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐬. It’s not “SQL vs NoSQL.” 💡It’s: What consistency do you sacrifice to gain scale? It’s not “Cache vs

Learn these 10 myths about system design to get 𝐚𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝟖𝟎% 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. Ref: 📌 Grokking System Design Fundamentals - https://t.co/IxKz4Yr0OV

𝟏𝟎 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 1. Dynamo - https://t.co/X2ni86zhqG - Highly Available Key-value Store 2. Kafka - https://t.co/TByeh0t6YY - A Distributed Messaging System for Log Processing 3. Consistent Hashing -

𝟗𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 — not because they lack knowledge, but because they lack structure. At https://t.co/akc5P5Lrpa, I’ve built the 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 — a universal blueprint

FAANG Interviews in 2025: What Changed, What to Study, and How to Win Google, Meta, Amazon in 2025: --> Higher bar, --> System design at L4, --> AI in interviews, --> Behavioral interview is a deal breaker. Read the full article: https://t.co/LCHrMTj4vm #designgurus

𝟏𝟎 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 Link to papers: https://t.co/9lmu2bSHOc… 1. Dynamo - Highly Available Key-value Store 2. Kafka - A Distributed Messaging System for Log Processing 3. Consistent Hashing - Data

Learn these 10 myths about system design to get 𝐚𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝟖𝟎% 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. 🔹We assume more caching layers = more performance (it can add complexity & stale data). 🔹We assume availability = reliability (a service can be “up” but serving garbage). 🔹We

I read 100+ system design guides, postmortems, and interview rubrics this month. Here’s what actually moves you from “𝐈 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐭” to “𝐈 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐢𝐭.” 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭: 🔹Mental models → CAP,