#OpenAccess represents an important sector of scholarly publishing not only because of the continued growth in scientific output, but also since it removes paywall barriers to academic content

Long-term, collaborative, sustainable support for digital #OpenAccess infrastructures represents an important aspect of Open Science

The author-facing fees that researchers face when publishing in #OpenAccess journals continue to be a significant barrier toward the removal of paywall barriers to scholarly output for both scientific communities and professional stakeholders worldwide

Whereas preprints represent a significant aspect of #OpenAccess publishing, especially for scholarly articles, these cannot necessarily supplant published versions, due to peer review procedures the latter entail

Publishing in #OpenAccess inherently contributes to scholarly integrity, since it introduces transparency into publication procedures

As sustainable development goals (#SDGs) are increasingly recognized as relevant to scholarly research, funding priorities, publishing activities across different disciplines, #OpenAccess models also need to accommodate the needs of Global South scholars

As, on one hand, #OpenAccess platforms remove cost barriers to scholarly content, these also ought to comply with accessibility guidelines, on the other hand, to ensure the inclusivity of Open Science initiatives

Transitioning to #OpenScience can not infrequently also require a change in publishing practices and reward structures on the level of both individual researchers and academic institutions respectively

#OpenScience also comprizes the monitoring of its performance indicators, such as in terms of scholarly output in Open Access and the institution-level adoption of its practices

Whereas transitions to #OpenAccess involve multiple stakeholders, such as publishers and libraries, these also comprise wider-scale Open Science-related aims for research data and code and associated, innovative business models

While #OpenScience has made significant progress in recent years, barriers to the implementation of its guidelines continues to exist, such as with regard to empirical data

International collaborations and library funding are critical for transitioning specialized book collections into #OpenAccess as a public good, while significantly augmenting their visibility and usage

Country-level #OpenScience policies can assist early-career researchers and international collaborations, while being dependent on infrastructure funding and budget allocation

Whereas transitioning scholarly journals to #OpenAccess can be expected to contribute to output quality, academic transparency, and researcher inclusion, the removal of author-facing cost barriers also demands sustainable publishing models

For scholarly journals, transitioning to #OpenAccess involves not only the removal of barriers to scholarly knowledge, but also the need to sustainably maintain publication standards

Diamond #OpenAccess models contribute to the status of scholarly knowledge as a public good

#OpenScience and Open Data represent key principles for ensuring unrestricted public access to scientific research, enhancing validation, reproducibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration, as exemplified by the free-to-access platforms, such as Zenodo

As recent findings indicate, for scholars and institutions from emerging economies, e.g., those in the MENA region, publishing their output in #OpenAccess is likely to significantly contribute to citation visibility and international rankings respectively

Though the positive impact of #OpenScience practices on innovation, collaboration and transparency is broadly recognized, their implementation continues to face challenges, as their costs and benefits can be context dependent

Following the principles of #OpenScience, such as the preregistration of research designs, hypotheses, methods and data collection protocols, is likely to contribute to the reproducibility of scholarly studies