Nature News & Views
@NatureNV
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Expert commentary for subscribers on exciting science published in Nature and elsewhere, from astronomy to zoology. Login info at https://t.co/OrObfhBbxv
Joined January 2015
A previously unknown human species called Homo luzonensis lived in Asia. Find out more about this amazing discovery in a terrific N&V by Matt Tocheri @mylakehead @HumanOrigins .
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Genetic mutations that don’t alter a protein’s amino-acid sequence are just as likely to be harmful as those that do, a systematic analysis of yeast finds
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Bacteria destroy plasmids using a newly discovered mechanism. This finding might aid efforts to find treatments to combat antibiotic resistance. (For subscribers).
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Engineered cancer-invading bacteria recycle tumour waste into metabolic fuel to boost T-cell immunotherapy.(For subscribers).
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A record-breaking electron microscope has been developed
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What determines COVID-19 disease severity? One key factor that affects whether life-threatening illness develops has been identified. Learn more in a terrific N&V by Eric Meffre & @VirusesImmunity
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What determines COVID-19 disease severity? One key factor that affects whether life-threatening illness develops has been identified. Learn more in a terrific N&V by Eric Meffre & @virusesimmunity.
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A spectacular experiment suggests that neutrinos don’t behave in exactly the same way as their antimatter counterparts - a finding that could solve one of the biggest mysteries in physics.
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Detailed structures of a GABA brain receptor show how the binding sites for different drugs ‘chat’ to each other.
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Gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation have been detected from a neutron-star merger. Read the N&V here:
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Inhibitory neurons put the brakes on neuronal signalling. A new paper provides evidence that microglia can do the same.
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A record-breaking electron microscope has been developed
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The world’s most powerful radio telescope has observed what seems to be the earliest stages of planet formation in a nascent star system
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Evidence finally shows that Watson and Crick were right about a mechanism for the formation of spontaneous mutations in DNA – 62 years after they proposed it
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It’s been unclear why a gene variant called APOE4 increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. A new study suggests that it might be related to decreased synthesis of the myelin sheath that insulates neurons.
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A new lung cell type has been found – and might be involved in cystic fibrosis.
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A nuclear decay has been observed that has a half-life one trillion times the age of the Universe
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The genetic symphony underlying the evolution of the brain’s prefrontal cortex .(For subscribers).
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Brain dynamics uncovered using a machine-learning algorithm
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If the bacterium that causes MRSA infections is infected by a virus, a virally encoded enzyme modifies a component of the bacterial cell wall and enables the microbe to escape the host defence response
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A newly discovered pathway in mice reveals how gut microbes affect motivation for prolonged exercise
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A whale of an appetite revealed by analysis of prey consumption. Read this N&V to learn how whales shape their ocean ecosystem. (For subscribers).
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Stem-cell therapies regenerate lenses in situ and corneas in vitro (£)
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Inflammation in the body activates neurons in the brain that, when later reactivated, can trigger a recapitulation of the inflammatory response. Learn about neuroimmune crosstalk in this N&V by @DavidBrea1982 & Henrique Veiga-Fernandes.(For subscribers)
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Mammalian cells have more than one biosynthetic pathway for making lipids known as triglycerides – a finding that will aid our understanding of human physiology and disease
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Signals from the gut instruct the brain’s immune cells to control autoimmune responses
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Contact-tracing app predicts risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission
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Antigen-specific immunotherapy using peptide-coated nanoparticles (£)
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Membrane proteins can reach the endoplasmic reticulum by three different pathways (£) #cellbiology
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Vaccine boosts T cells that target pancreatic tumours. Read about this clinical trial in a super N&V by @AmandaHuffPhD & @NeehaZaidi
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Cancer cells move and spread faster in thicker extracellular fluids
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Cancer is usually thought to be caused by permanent mutations in certain genes, but @classenlab explains how just temporarily disrupting silencing of gene expression in fruit flies can trigger a feedback loop that turns cells cancerous.
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The origin of extreme planets called hot Jupiters might finally be solved (£)
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Peptide-coated nanoparticles for suppressing autoimmune disease (£)
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Peptide-coated nanoparticles for suppressing autoimmune disease (£)
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The protein actin is best known for its role in the cell’s cytoplasm. Compelling evidence of its role in the nucleus has now been reported
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50 years ago today, #CERN announced the existence of weak neutral currents. @PippaWells looks back on what this discovery meant for particle physics.
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Einstein’s theory of gravity — general relativity — has been verified by a triple-star system.
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Bacteria swim a lot faster in fluids filled with particles or polymers than they do in water. As Raphaël Jeanneret & @PolinMarco explain in this great N&V, it’s all about minimizing wobble. (For subscribers).
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A new bioinformatics tool called Calligraphy analyses cell–cell signalling to provide fresh insights into how pancreatic cancer arises
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Not ketamine itself, but a metabolite confers the drug’s antidepressant effects (£)
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The discovery that mitochondrial fumarate accumulation triggers the activation of specific inflammation-related pathways could have implications for cancer and inflammatory diseases
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Bacteria recycle tumour waste to fuel immune cells.(For subscribers).
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Meningitis hits an immunosuppressive nerve. How can bacteria enhance their spread into the CNS? The mechanism might explain why headaches are a symptom of meningitis.
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The amino acid tryptophan can be made abiotically by a chemical reaction beneath the ocean floor. Read a great N&V by John Baross that discusses possible implications for the origins of life on Earth.
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A newly discovered energy-generation pathway is present in diverse microbial species
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A gene-shuffling mechanism previously seen only in the immune system has now been reported in neurons.
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The structure of the most abundant receptor involved in neuronal inhibition in the human brain has been resolved – and reveals crucial information that will aid drug discovery.
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A 210,000-year-old Homo sapiens fossil excavated in Greece is the earliest known human fossil found outside Africa. This finding reveals that humans reached Europe 160,000 years earlier than was previously thought
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A newly identified stem cell gives rise to both cartilage and bone-forming cells – and helps bones to grow.
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A long-awaited understanding of the signals that mediate axolotl limb regeneration (£)
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This discovery could aid the development of pharmaceuticals that act by forming a reversible covalent bond to a biological target - as explained in this terrific N&V by @StephanHacker2.(For subscribers)
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Sustainable chemistry that uses carbon dioxide to make a plastic (£)
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A fascinating debate between @JonHaidt and @Prof_Nick_Allen on the role of social media and digital devices in #mentalhealth
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The discovery of a neuronal loop activated when mice unexpectedly become less dominant could provide insights into a range of stress- and depression-related behaviours, says @DrNancyPadilla & @dr_alexharris
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A new lung cell type has been found – and might be involved in cystic fibrosis.
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A remarkable epigenetic phenomenon known as genomic imprinting was discovered in 1984. @AnneF_S and @Marisa_S_B trace the history of this field and the impact it has had on scientists’ understanding of development, inheritance and disease.
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Mitochondrial stress triggers DNA packaging changes that promote longevity (£)
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How to delete nitrogen atoms from organic molecules - discussed in this excellent N&V by @ajavestro & @unsworthChem @ChemistryatYork.
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Science fiction becomes fact: a machine that assembles molecules.
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The brain’s resident immune cells retain a long-lasting memory of peripheral inflammation, which can influence Alzheimer’s disease progression in a mouse model
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A trio of ion channels that act together to sense painful heat.
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Genetic ‘parasites’ hijack a DNA-repair pathway to form circular DNA and replicate
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The third phase of ENCODE delivers an invaluable genomic encyclopedia. For highlights of the.project, this N&V by @chungchau_hon & @carninci is a must-read.
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Tumours block protective muscle and nerve signals to cause #cachexia Learn more in a terrific N&V by @teresazimmers @IUCancerCenter @IUMedSchool @cancercachexia.(For subscribers).
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A new organelle found in fruit flies stores inorganic phosphate as phospholipids, which can be released in times of nutrient starvation
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Evidence that a child in a hunter-gatherer society survived.amputation offers a remarkable insight into the origins of.surgery
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Breast cancer cells can signal to the lung to manipulate lipids and reprogram the lung to support tumour spread
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The pig genome has been modified 69 times so that pig kidneys can be transplanted successfully into monkeys. The next step will be transplants into humans, says @M_M_Mohiuddin
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Invasive brain tumours called glioma have a 'heartbeat' - a pacemaker cell that sends pulsing signals to trigger tumour expansion
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Different fibroblast populations promote or suppress inflammation-associated cancer (£)
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Fumarate, a metabolite generated by mitochondria, triggers release of mitochondrial DNA and RNA to activate interferon-dependent inflammation
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A father’s fatty diet causes mitochondria in sperm to produce RNAs that affect the child’s health. Qi Chen & Cai Chen from @qichen_lab propose that this results from a trade-off between maintaining mitochondria function and RNA information.
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The structures of an almost full-length class C G-protein coupled receptor reveal how the receptor changes shape to initiate cell signalling – beautifully explained in this N&V by @gregory_kj
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What determines COVID-19 disease severity? One key factor that affects whether life-threatening illness develops has been identified. Learn more in a terrific N&V by Eric Meffre & @VirusesImmunity
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Ancient woman’s DNA recovered from a 20,000-year-old pendant
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The genetic changes that led to the evolution of the unusual wing-shaped fins of skates and rays have been analysed, thanks to a new genome.
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In print: Does defective DNA repair have a widespread role in neurodegenerative diseases? (£)
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Invasive brain tumours called glioma have a 'heartbeat' - a pacemaker cell that sends pulsing signals to trigger tumour expansion
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Mitochondria may have been acquired later in evolution than previously thought (£)
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A food additive might have triggered an epidemic of the 'hospital bug' C. difficile
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Molecules have been developed that switch a transcription factor from being a repressor of gene expression to an activator — and thereby kill cancer cells
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The first genome sequence of a human cancer was reported 15 years ago. As @shengfcai & @rosslevinemd discuss, this ushered in a new era of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic advances.
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An early-stage clinical trial of a drug to target Alzheimer’s shows promising results
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Mismatches can bend DNA into favourable shapes for protein binding.
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Extrachromosomal DNA appears before cancer forms in the oesophagus. Learn more in a fascinating N&V by David Wang.
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In print: the detection of gravitational waves heralds the dawn of a new astronomy (£)
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Ultraviolet light shapes the evolution of precancerous immune cells in the skin
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The Alzheimer’s risk gene APOE modulates the gut–brain axis
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Optimized enzymes improve the efficiency of CRISPR (£)
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An algorithm that can predict blood glucose responses to foods (£)
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An ‘intracellular surfactant’ protein, Ki-67, separates chromosomes during mitosis (£)
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Svante Pääbo is this year’s #NobelPrize laureate in physiology or medicine. Check out our N&V on some of his key work - analysis of nuclear DNA of a human-like finger bone from Denisova Cave
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Analysis of viral genomes has revealed antibacterial counter-defences. Tim Blower & @StinekevanHoute @Multi_Defence some discuss striking modes of defence inhibition used by bacteriophages.
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