Greek Genocide Resource Center
@Greek_Genocide
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Focusing on the persecution of native Greek communities in Ottoman Turkey between 1914-1923.
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
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At Smyrna, a Japanese captain dumped his cargo to save Christians & sent lifeboats to save them. Kemalists then tried to sink them. Japanese capt' told Kemalists if single hair follicle of refugees was touched he would consider it insult to Japanese flag.
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After seeing Greeks/Armenians trying to escape slaughter/fire at
#Smyrna
, the captain of Japanese freighter threw cargo overboard to take on Christians. When Kemalist officer threatened to sink the ship, the Japanese captain issued a dire warning.
Read:
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Today we pay our respects to the victims of the
#ArmenianGenocide
. As co-victims, Greeks share your pain.
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Genocide is the crime of all crimes. On this day - September 14 - we pay our respects to the victims of the Greek Genocide.
#NeverForget
#NeverAgain
#GreekGenocide
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While "Allied" ships refused to help terror-stricken refugees at Smyrna harbor in Sep 1922, the captain of Japanese freight ship (Tokei-Maru, pictured) dumped his expensive cargo & took on board 825 Christians & evacuated them to safety.
Read:
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No, this isn't a photo from the Jewish Holocaust. It was taken on 4 Nov 1922 during the Greek Genocide at Adrianople (now Edirne). In Oct 1922, E. Thrace was ceded to Turkey. After hearing the Turks were coming, panic-stricken Christians fled their homes and headed to Greece.
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Today we pay our respects to the victims of the
#GreekGenocide
, one of the first genocides of the 20th century. May 19 is one of three remembrance days observed by Greeks, each one carrying its own significance.
#NeverForget
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Today, we pause and pay our respects to the victims of the
#ArmenianGenocide
.
As co-victims, we share your pain and loss.
#NeverForget
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Armenians are being starved to death, denied medical aid and their settlements are now being bombed by Azerbaijan forces causing Armenians to flee their ancestral lands. Who will save the Armenians?
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We've documented over 600 deportations/relocations of Greeks during the
#GreekGenocide
and over 140 massacres from 1914-1923. View the lists and interractive maps on our website:
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Today we pause to reflect on all the victims of the Greek Genocide. We will not forget them.
#100years
#SmyrnaHolocaust
#AsiaMinor
#EasternThrace
#Levant
#Pontus
#GreekGenocide
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We've documented 168 massacres that occurred during the
#GreekGenocide
from 1912-1923 and produced an interactive map and a list.
View it here ->
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"The Turkish soldiers set fire to the city and raped and killed countless Christian refugees while French, British, Italian and American warships, under strict orders to remain neutral, stood immobile in the harbor." - Lou Ureneck.
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The Greek Genocide began in the region of Eastern Thrace with massacres, burning of villages & churches, boycotts, pillaging and culminated in deportations & relocations. The Greek Government has yet to recognize the genocide of Greeks in E. Thrace.
More:
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A movie about Ataturk without reference to the devastation he inflicted on the once thriving Christian communities in Turkey is incomplete.
@DisneyPlus
's decision to glorify a killer in their upcoming mini-series is ill-advised.
Read about Ataturk here:
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While some argue over who issued the orders to burn the city, what's undeniable is that the Turks were responsible for the vast atrocities at
#Smyrna
in Sep 1922 which resulted in over 190,000 Christians being unaccounted for.
More:
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In Sep 1922, the cosmopolitan city of
#Smyrna
was captured & torched by Turkish forces led by Mustafa Kemal. The destruction of the Greek & Armenian quarters & the slaughter or expulsion of its inhabitants, represented the final seal of Turkish dominion.
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From 1913-1922, the Young Turks & later the Kemalists conducted numerous deportations of native Greeks to the barren Turkish interior and beyond. We've documented 508 of them.
View the list, interactive map & sources:
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The 1st phase of the Greek Genocide began in Eastern Thrace. Prior to 1914, more than 350k Greeks lived there. View a detailed map of the region with Greek & Turkish place names. April 6 is remembrance day for the genocide of Greeks in Eastern Thrace.
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Ambrosios Pleianthidis was born at Smyrna in 1872. In 1919 he became Metropolitan of Moschonisi. In Sep 1922 he was arrested by the Kemalists and buried alive with other clerics just outside of Ayvalik. He's been declared a saint by the Greek church.
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Today marks 100 years since the start of the 2nd phase of the
#GreekGenocide
otherwise known as the Kemalist phase. During this phase Greeks throughout Ottoman Turkey (Asia Minor & Eastern Thrace) were persecuted. Today we mourn the loss of our ancestors. www.greek-genocide.,net
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Today we pay our respects to the victims of the
#ArmenianGenocide
. On the 24th of April 1915, 270 prominent Armenian intellectuals were arrested in Constantinople. What followed was a series of death marches and massacres that shocked the world. As co-victims, we share your loss.
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We've documented the deportation/relocation of 511 Ottoman Greek communities by Young Turk & Kemalist authorities from 1913-1922. About half succumbed to torture & illness while others were forced to embrace Islam to survive.
View list and map routes:
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An Anatolian Greek Refugee Girl.
"Her eyes show that she has seen horrors more awful than even the imagination of ancient Greek dramatists could conjure up."
Photo: S.R. Vinton (colourised photo).
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Greeks have 3 days of remembrance for the
#GreekGenocide
. Apr 6 (E Thrace), May 19 (Pontus), Sep 14 (Asia Minor). Today, let's remember ALL the victims. Genocide is the ultimate act of exclusion. The least we can do is remember them in an inclusive manner.
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In Apr 1915, ~30,000 Greeks of Gallipoli were deported to interior of Turkey. Many scattered among Muslim villages and forced to embrace Islam or die. Many perished. After E. Thrace was ceded to Turkey in Oct 1922, Greeks were evacuated since their safety couldn't be guaranteed.
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In Sep 1922, as the Kemalist Turks were slaughtering their non-Turkish subjects at Smyrna (Izmir) in Turkey, the captain of a Japanese vessel dumped all the expensive cargo & saved 825 Greeks & Armenians who were fleeing the genocidal Turkish regime.
#ThankYouJapan
#GreekGenocide
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In Sep 1922, Turkish nationalist forces under the command of Mustafa Kemal entered the city of Smyrna & took part in an orgy of murder, pillage & rape, mainly of its Greek & Armenian citizens. They then burnt it to the ground. The media widely reported it.
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April 6 is one of three Greek Genocide remembrance days and commemorates the victims from the region of Eastern Thrace. On April 6, 1914 - during Easter- the persecution of Greeks in E. Thrace intensified.
#neverforget
#blackeaster
#greekgenocide
#april6
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APRIL 6 marks the beginning of the
#GreekGenocide
which occurred in the region of Eastern Thrace in Ottoman Turkey. It is one of three remembrance days observed by Greeks.
#NeverForget
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In Sep 1922, the richest city of the Mediterranean was burned & countless numbers of Christians killed. This was the final episode of the 20th Century’s first genocide - the slaughter of 3 million Armenians, Greeks & Assyrians of the Ottoman Empire.
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NO, not a photo of Jews being deported to concentration camps during the
#JewishHolocaust
, but a photo of Christians fleeing Turkey after the
#SmyrnaHolocaust
in 1922.
#GreekGenocide
Photo: Albert Kahn Archive. More Greek Genocide photos:
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During the massacre of Greeks at Aydin in June 1919 Turkish çetes also slaughtered 31 Greek Boy Scouts. After gouging out the eyes of their leader the boys were asked to denounce their ethnicity. But they refused & instead sang the Greek national anthem.
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#Afrin
residents whose homes were bombed by Turkish missiles, are currently hiding in caves. In 1923, Greeks escaping the extermination policy of the Kemalists in Turkey were seen hiding in caves near Aleppo. Quite possibly the same caves.
#GreekGenocide
.
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Turkey is converting Hagia Sophia into a mosque. Is it now time for Greece to convert Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's house in Greece into a Greek Genocide museum. He was after all the consummator of the
#GreekGenocide
& reason Turkey today is devoid of Christians
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In September 1922, Greek men were denied exit from Turkey with their families. Instead, they were rounded up then marched to the interior of
#Turkey
where the majority of them were tortured then massacred. Photo by Charles Dexter Morris at Smyrna. National Geographic, Nov 1925.
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In 1918, the New York Times alerted its readers that Greeks in the Ottoman Empire were being subjected to a similar program of extermination as that meted out to the Armenians.
View over 100 English-language news reports:
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May 19 marks the beginning of the 2nd phase of the
#GreekGenocide
otherwise known as the Kemalist phase. Greeks throughout Ottoman Turkey were targetted. Photo of Greek children picked up in the interior of Turkey after being deported by the Kemalists.
>
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In June 1919, Aydin was the scene of a massacre of 31 Greek boyscouts and their leaders. They were all asked to renounce their faith and ethnicity but they refused. The boys replied "Long live Hellas." As a result, they were massacred.
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Turkey has appalling record of desecrating cemeteries. During 1955 Istanbul Pogrom, a number of Greek cemeteries were desecrated. In 1993, a Greek cemetery was vandalized & remains of dead were scattered. Last year, dozens of Jewish graves were desecrated in an Istanbul cemetery.
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Greece provided refuge to 120,000 Armenians during the
#ArmenianGenocide
incl. 8,000 Armenian orphans. Melanian Vahgarshag lost both parents & was transferred to the Syra Orphanage on the island of Syros. Syra was one of the largest orphanages in the Near East Relief system.
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Between 1915-1918, ~ 200,000 Christians (including Rum/Greeks) were starved to death during the Great Famine of Mount Lebanon. The famine was caused by a food blockade orchestrated by Young Turk, Djemal Pasha.
Read:
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Day after Turk forces captured Smyrna (10 Sep 1922) milit. comm. Nurettin Paşa - who had reputation for fanaticism & cruelty - summoned Metr. Chrysostomos & called on a mob to "treat him as he deserves." They cut out his eyes, cut off ears, nose, hands.
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Disney has decided not to go ahead with the screening of a series which dramatizes the life of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk after Armenians protested, particularly those in the diaspora. Despite his key role in the Greek Genocide, Greeks remained largely mute...
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Among first victims of
#GreekGenocide
were from
#Gallipoli
. In 1914, there were 27,000 Greeks on Gallipoli peninsular & 15,000 Turks. They were deported to
#Turkey
interior under
#German
orders by cruel Turkish guards & forced to accept
#Islam
. Men perished in slave labour camps.
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NO, this is not a photo of people being transported to Auschwitz. This is a photo of a lady & 3 girls being expelled from Turkey. In September 1922, non-Muslims were threatened to leave Turkey within 2 weeks or face being deported to the interior. Photo: Albert Kahn photographers
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Map showing number of Greek churches and schools in Asia Minor (
#Turkey
) in 1912 in areas under jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate. In total there were 2,079 churches, 2,683 priests, 2,049 schools and 165,381 students in A. Minor. View map in detail:
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Mehmet Talaat Bey or Mehmet Talaat Pasha was the principal architect of the
#GreekGenocide
. He held the position of Minister of the Interior and in 1917 became Grand Vizier. He assumed primary responsibility for planning and implementing the Genocide.
>
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The Greeks of the Moschonisia (Ayvalik islands) off the coast of w. Turkey experienced boycotts, beatings, torture & forced labour during the genocide. In Sep 1922, all those remaining were led to a place a few kms inland and were executed with shotguns.
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Nearly a thousand children in
#Constantinople
(now Istanbul) found in cellars and hovels in a “doped” condition, having been given native narcotics to keep them quiet. Ages ranged from 1.5-4 years.
The New Near East, July 1922.
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Greek and Armenian orphans waiting for boats to be evacuated from Turkey to Greece where they were being cared for by the Near East Relief. . c.1915-1916. Source: LIbrary of Congress.
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Group of Christian orphans (Greek, Armenian) in front of Old Royal Palace, Athens w/ Greek & US flags flying. In 1922, building was used as HQ for Near East Relief and shelter for genocide orphans. The palace was built in 1843 & since 1934 is home of the Hellenic Parliament.
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Between 1894-1924, three waves of violence swept across Anatolia, targeting the region’s Christian minorities who had previously accounted for 20% of the population. By 1924, the Armenians, Assyrians & Greeks had been reduced to 2%.
>
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In Sep 1922, the Kemalists were determined to inflict as much punishment on the unarmed Christians of Turkey as possible and drove many into the interior to perish. These Christians escaped and are pictured here in Greece holding holy icons, their most prized possessions.
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Days after
#Smyrna
Holocaust, Turks could be seen using hooked telegraph wire, fishing out finger-rings & turned-out pockets from Christians who had committed suicide or had fallen overboard & were resting on the bottom of Smyrna's clear waters.
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Some Greeks in Turkey armed themselves and resisted the genocide. One of them was Evangelos Fotiadis. In 1920 Fotiadis offered stubborn resistance to the Kemalists near Karasu. He protected 10,000 hiding up in the mountains and directed them through the Kemalist zone to Greece.
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These orphaned Greek children from Asia Minor were picked up by the Near East Relief in 1922 deep within Turkey at Diyarbakir. Their parents had dropped out exhausted from the weary lines of deportees driven inland. They were found in a state of exhaustion and evacuated to Beirut
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Many Turks opposed the persecution of Greeks during the
#GreekGenocide
and some risked their lives sheltering them. The Hadji-nuri family (pictured) sheltered the Hatzigeorgiou family for 18 days during the Kemalist massacres in the İzmit region of Asia Minor in 1920.
#ThankYou
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The mansion of wealthy Greek (Rum) banker Konstantinos Kapagiannidis (1868-1915) was renamed "Atatürk Pavilion" in the 1930's after the consumator of the
#GreekGenocide
, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Naming a Greek-built mansion after the main perpetrator of the genocide is v. offensive
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Map of Turkey created by US committee c.1918 showing percentage of Christians in Turkey. Note vast areas of Turkey where Christians made up 20-59% of population. Today that figure is barely 0.2% due to the Ottoman genocides and ongoing discrimination.
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The
#GreekGenocide
(1914-1923) included massacres, relocations/death marches, expulsions, boycotts, rape, conversion to Islam, conscription into labor battalions, summary executions & destruction of Christian cultural, historical & religious monuments.
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Lt. Comm. Ewart Haas of USS Sturtevant based at
#Samsun
in 1921 described the decision to relocate Greek women and children to the interior as "cruel and inhumane" and an "unpardonable sin against civilisation." Local Turks protested too, but in vane.
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We have now documented 166 massacres of Greeks throughout Ottoman
#Turkey
from about 1914-1923. Massacre definition = coordinated murder of 20 people minimum. View them on our interactive map and chronological list.
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Greeks and Armenians are calling for the cancellation of a mini-series by
@DisneyPlus
which portrays Mustafa Kemal glowingly. From 1919-1923 Mustafa Kemal was leader of a group which committed vast and systematic atrocities against Greeks & Armenians.
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Anatolia College, Merzifon was founded by Americans (1886). In July 1921, Merzifon was scene of 4 day massacre of Greeks & Armenians perpetrated by Kemalist brigand Topal Osman & co. 1,200 Greeks/Armenians were slaughtered, their bodies buried in mass graves outside city.
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We have documented over 390 deportations of Greeks which occurred during the
#GreekGenocide
from 1913-1923. View the list and an interactive Google map we made. A big thank you to our donors who helped make this project possible.
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The Phocaea massacre of June 1914 was widely reported in the English print media. Pictured: Turkish irregulars showing off their booty after the pillage. At the head, a Turkish bandit shows off an umbrella as Greeks seek passage out of the town.
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The Greeks of
#Gallipoli
have been forgotten in contemporary history books. There were 30,000 Greeks living in the Gallipoli Peninsular in 1915. Two weeks before the Allied landing, the Germans ordered their removal & the Turks deported them to the interior.
#GreekGenocide
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The final phase of the Greek Genocide took place at Smyrna in Sep 1922 when Kemalist forces entered the city & took part in an orgy of looting, rape & massacre that targeted the city's Greek and Armenian population. They then burnt the city to the ground.
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The
#GreekGenocide
began in the region of Eastern Thrace. The East Thracians have assigned April 6 as a day of remembrance for the genocide in this region and refer to it as
#BlackEaster
.
View a high res map with Greek and current Turkish placenames:
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The Greeks of Rodosto (now
#Tekirdag
) endured massacres, business boycotts, were forced into labour camps, were taxed heavily, had their property confiscated and were threatened by Turkish government officials forcing them to flee.
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The Dormition Church of Nicaea (now
#Iznik
) was looted & burned by band of Kemalists in Sep 1920. Virtually all Greek residents (600) massacred. It was demolished 1922. Nicaea was site of 2 Ecumenical Councils of the early Christian church, 325AD & 787AD.
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Greeks have 3 regional days of mourning for the
#GreekGenocide
(Apr 6, May 19, Sep 14). Instead of remembering the victims separately, from now on we will remember them inclusively & ask Greek orgs do the same. Their effort to destroy & divide, failed.
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Numero 31328: Amele Taburu is the autobiographical testimony of Elias Venezis. In Sep 1922 at the age of 18, Venezis was arrested, taken prisoner & enslaved in a labor battalion in Turkey. Of the 3,000 conscripted into his labor brigade only 23 survived.
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Smyrna Holocaust Timeline.
13 Sep 1922.
Entire timeline ->
#smyrna
#smyrnaholocaust
#smyrnafire
#izmir
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Our thoughts to all affected by the explosion at Beyoglu. Greeks referred to Beyoglu as Pera. Some 35,000 Greeks lived there early 20th c. Today Greek community almost extinct due to 1955 Istanbul Pogrom, Varlik Vergisi (Wealth Tax) & forced expulsions (1964). Photo: Pera 1912.
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Colourised photo of
#Smyrna
before its destruction in September 1922.
More on the Smyrna Holocaust:
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These people were driven into mountains after the
#Smyrna
fire in Sep 1922. For 3.5 months they fed off grass roots & other such food until they stole a boat and escaped to Greece. They were cared for by the American Red Cross.
Photo: Library of Congress
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Official emblem of 100 year anniversary of the final phase of the
#GreekGenocide
, aka Asia Minor Catastrophe includes flame signifying burning of Smyrna in Sep 1922, the most destructive & symbolic act which ended 3 millennia presence of Hellenism in the Near East.
#neverforget
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The Greeks of Samsun were relocated 3 times during the
#GreekGenocide
; 1916, 1921 and 1922. The relocations coincided with the burning and looting of their villages. Prior to the genocide, Greeks made up 65% of the population. Today zero.
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After being denied food and medical supplies for 9 months, then being bombed by Azerbaijani forces, the Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh have no other choice but to flee their ancestral homelands to survive.
A photo showing traffic of local Armenians from Nagorno Karabakh evacuating the territory. The mass exodus to Armenia has begun.
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#Smyrna
Holocaust Timeline.
16 Sep 1922: All Greek & Armenian males 18-45 yo declared prisoners of war & denied exit from Turkey (most later massacred). Turk milit. commander Nureddine Paşa issues ultimatum for women/children to leave Turkey by Oct 1.
->
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In 1922 the cosmopolitan city of
#Smyrna
was torched by Turkish forces led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Genocide & the expulsion of heterogeneous, especially middle class & Christian groups was an integral element of the Turkish modernization reform process.
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Place names show evidence of the historical past of a country and the people who lived there. Over the years there has been a deliberate process of Turkifying historical place-names in Turkey to hide its past. Approx 12,211 (35% of all villages in
#Turkey
) have been renamed.
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Pavlos Papadopoulos was Director of the Ottoman Bank at Samsun. He was hanged on 21 Sep 1921 by the Kemalist Independence Tribunals (Tr: İstiklal Mahkemeleri). Through these tribunals the Kemalists exterminated 100's of influential Greeks without proper legal process.
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On this day, 99 years ago, 700,000 mostly Greeks & Armenians faced starvation when Kemalists raided the city. American humanitarians took on the role of providing relief to terror-stricken citizens who were at the mercy of the invading Turkish Nationalist army.
@AmericanHumani2
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Simeon Ananiades (1902-1921), an A+ student at Anatolia College was hanged by the Kemalists in 1921 after a 200 BC map of the historic region of Pontus was found on the college grounds. The college was founded by Americans in 1887.
Read:
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The food blockade of Mount Lebanon (1915-1918) by Ottoman leader Djemal Pasha caused the death of 200,000 people (mostly Christians, including Greeks). Issam Khalifeh, professor of history says the Turks feared the Christians “...so they had to starve them before they were armed”
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Dormition Church was built 6-8th c. and located at Nicaea (today Iznik). It was looted & burned Sep 1920. Around this time, a large band of Kemalist Nationalists surrounded the Greek precinct, seized the entire Greek pop'n (~600) & massacred them.
More:
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The Greek Genocide is listed among the top 10 most forgotten genocides by Listverse. Watch a 14 minute documentary that's been viewed over 184,000 times on Youtube.
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We thank Armenians for the sincere words expressed in this video. It's worth noting that Armenia is the only country to recognize the
#GreekGenocide
. Greece itself has only recognized 2 regions where it occurred & continues to promote a divided and regional genocide of Greeks.
Video message on the occasion of the
#GreekGenocide
Remembrance Day by Armenians around the world.
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French archaeologist Félix Sartiaux witnessed the massacre of Greeks at Phocaea (today Eski Foça) in June 1914 and documented his experience via a 35 page article published in a French journal.
Read it:
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The recent burning of the Quran in Sweden was justifiably condemned. However, seeing Muslims in Turkey protest by praying inside a Christian place of worship - the Hagia Sophia - which in 2020 was converted to a mosque & which deeply insulted Christians worldwide, is hypocrisy.
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Above, the Hagia Triada (Saint Trinity ) church of Moschonisi (today Cunda Island) after it was desecrated by the Turks & its sacred objects thrown outside. Below as it appears today. Moschonisi inhabited entirely by Greeks (6,000) prior to the genocide.
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TURKS KILLED 120,000, East Oregonian.
#Smyrna
, 16 Sep 1922: "2,500 dead bodies litter the streets while the harbor waters are dotted with floating corpses.. Girls from twelve to eighteen were kidnapped. 6,000 Greeks are reported burned alive." More:
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The Saint Nicholas Greek Orthodox church of Bodrum was dynamited under the orders of Turkish nationalists in 1969. It was popular among tourists. Years later, locals wanted the church rebuilt & in 2019 a decision was made for its reconstruction. As of 2021, no progress was made.
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Panic-stricken Christians locked inside courtyard of Saint Photini cathedral, 12 Sep 1922, day before
#Smyrnafire
. Photo taken at entrance beside bell tower where shops & banks located. To the left, Banque Française des Pays d'Orient, Turkish guard seated, French guards standing.
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Greeks of Turkey expelled by Kemalist regime loaded onto barges, towed out to filthy ships & taken to Constantinople then Greece. 60% of those who survived the journey diseased with smallpox, pneumonia, dysentery. High death rate. Turks prohibited photos.
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