Papilledema must be distinguished from optic disc swelling owing to other causes, which is simply termed "optic disc edema." Papilledema must also be distinguished from pseudopapilledema, such as optic disc drusen. Since root cause of papilledema is increased ICP. #MedTwitter

Papilledema is swelling of the optic nerve head (optic disc) caused by increased pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure or ICP), a serious sign of neurological issues like brain tumors, infections, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). #MedTwitter #Awareness

Molecular & proteomic studies have identified that RRD associated with specific changes in vitreous proteome, including activation of glycolysis, photoreceptor death pathways & reorganization of cell adhesion molecules. RRDs are often due to retinal tears from trauma. #eyecare

RRD often follows PVD & vitreous syneresis, where a full-thickness break in retina allows liquified vitreous to flow directly into & accumulate in subretinal space. RRD is facilitated by age-related vitreous liquefaction, posterior vitreous detachment. #MedTwitter #eyecheckup

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with multiple large intraretinal cysts is a condition that typically indicates a chronic retinal detachment. Cysts themselves are degenerative change within detached retinal tissue, usually forming in outer plexiform layer. #MedTwitter #eyecare

For reading on this interesting and rare clinical entity, click the link below. #MedX #eyecare #Awareness #Ophthalmologist MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF BENIGN LOBULAR INNER NUCLEAR LAYER... : Retinal Cases and Brief Reports

In rare cases, a child with severe ROP may develop visible signs, such as nystagmus or leukocoria. These signs usually appear only after disease has progressed significantly and often indicate retinal detachment. #MedX #Awareness #eyecheckup

Babies born at a weight of 1500 grams or less and born before 31 weeks gestation are at highest risk. #MedTwitter #Awareness #eyecheckup

When a baby is born prematurely, retinal blood vessels are not full grown & can grow abnormally. Most ROP goes away without causing damage to retina. When ROP is severe, it can cause retina to pull away or detach from wall of eye & possibly cause blindness. #MedTwitter #Awareness

Grade 3 ROP means abnormal, fragile blood vessels are growing from retina into eye's vitreous gel, a more severe stage requiring treatment (laser, injections) to stop progression, as untreated cases risk scarring, retinal detachment & permanent vision loss or blindness. #eyecare

The three most common causes of Vitreous Hemorrhage include: °Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), °Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with or without retinal tear, and °Ocular trauma, which account for 59-88.5% of all cases. #MedTwitter #eyecheckup #Awareness

A non-resolving vitreous hemorrhage means bleeding into vitreous isn't clearing up on its own, leading to persistent vision loss & potentially serious complications like glaucoma or retinal damag often caused by diabetes, retinal tears, or trauma, requiring early diagnosis. #eye

Treatment is principally surgical & often requires multiple procedures that, in fact, yield a high rate of retinal reattachment; nevertheless, many anatomically successful eyes do not recover good visual function likely due to the long standing macular detachment. #MedTwitter

PVR may be intraretinal also, which causes retinal shortening. Research suggests that membranes form in response to cytokines & inflammatory mediators that arise following anatomic disruption & tissue damage caused by RRD & resultant inflammation. #MedTwitter #Awareness #eyecare

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, major complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is an abnormal process whereby proliferative, contractile cellular membranes form in vitreous & on both sides of retina, resulting in tractional retinal detachment with fixed retinal folds.

PDR is clinically characterized by presence of abnormal growth of new retinal blood vessels together with retinal neurodegeneration. In diabetic retina, microvascular cells, glial cells & neurons work interdependently to delineate PDR as a disease of neurovascular unit (NVU).

Funduscopic features include vitreous hemorrhage, vitreoretinal traction bands, retinal tears & tractional retinal detachment. Affected individuals may experience severe vision impairment. Neovascular glaucoma is a late complication of PDR. #MedTwitter #Eyecare #Awareness #aao

If fragile new vessels, bleed a lot, it might block all vision. These new blood vessels can form scar tissue. Scar tissue can cause problems with macula or lead to a detached retina. PDR is very serious & can steal both your central & peripheral vision. #MedTwitter #eyecare

PDR is advanced stage of diabetic eye disease where retina, starved of oxygen, grows fragile new blood vessels that bleed into vitreous, causing floaters, blurry vision & potentially severe vision loss from bleeding or scar tissue leading to retinal detachment. #MedTwitter #eye

This fluid accumulation leads to thickening of the choroid and the formation of a fluid-filled suprachoroidal layer. Low IOP or a disruption to uveoscleral outflow may promote fluid accumulation within the suprachoroidal space. #medtwitter #EyeCare