Two signet rings, which one is malignant? #CytoPath #PathTwitter #Pathology 🙏 https://t.co/0JsBFRmai1

For a breakdown of these Gram-positive bacteria, check out my quick tutorial ⬇️⬇️ https://t.co/G4VKO5CGPu #Pathology #Microbiology #MedEd #Surgery #InfectiousDisease #FOAMed

This is a classic presentation of a post-operative surgical site infection The image shows Gram-positive (purple) cocci arranged in grape-like clusters. Common bacterium found on the skin and in the nose of many healthy people. It is a notorious opportunistic pathogen,

The Gram stain is most consistent with:

55-year-old underwent a knee replacement one week ago presents with swelling around the surgical incision. A purulent discharge is expressed. The Gram stain is most consistent with: A) Enterococcus species B) Clostridioides difficile C) Bacillus anthracis D) Staphylococcus

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✅Streptococcus pyogenes Gram positive cocci in chains Virulence factors: Adhesins like M protein and Lipoteichoic acid allow it to stick to host cells. A hyaluronic acid capsule helps it evade the immune system. It secretes Invasins (like streptolysins & streptokinases) that

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Identify the bacteria

A throat swab reveals Gram-positive cocci in chains. Who are they🦠 A) Bacillus cereus B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Actinomyces species #Pathology #Microbiology #InfectiousDisease #StrepPyogenes #MedEd #FOAMed #PathTwitter

Question 1: The correct diagnosis is Fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor, classically presenting in young women as a mobile, rubbery mass. It is a biphasic tumor, defined by a proliferation of both benign glandular epithelium and a specialized,

❌ Differential: Mammary Hamartoma A mammary hamartoma (fibroadenolipoma) is a disorganized mixture of benign breast elements, including mature lobules, fibrous stroma, AND mature adipose tissue, all within a capsule. A conventional fibroadenoma does not contain mature adipose

❌ Differential: Tubular Adenoma A tubular adenoma is a benign epithelial neoplasm composed of tightly packed, small, uniform tubules with a *minimal* amount of intervening stroma. This contrasts with a fibroadenoma, which has a prominent stromal component as a key part of its

❌ Differential: Phyllodes Tumor A benign phyllodes tumor is distinguished from a fibroadenoma by increased stromal cellularity (especially subepithelial "cambium layer" condensation), more prominent leaf-like architecture, and potentially increased (but still low) mitoses.

What gene mutation is commonly found in the stromal component of this lesion?

What gene mutation is commonly found in the stromal component of this lesion? A) MED12 B) PIK3CA C) CDH1 D) TP53 #Pathology #BreastPath #PathTwitter

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 26-year-old woman presents with a palpable, well-circumscribed, mobile, "rubbery" breast mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Fibroadenoma B) Phyllodes Tumor C) Tubular Adenoma D) Mammary Hamartoma #Pathology #BreastPath #PathTwitter

Question 2 Answer: D) BRAF The vast majority of SSL/Ps are driven by a BRAF V600E mutation. This is a hallmark of the serrated neoplasia pathway and distinguishes them from most conventional adenomas (APC-driven) and many TSAs (often KRAS-driven). #PathTwitter #Pathology

Question 1 Answer: A) Sessile Serrated Lesion/Polyp (SSL/P) SSL/Ps are important precursors to colorectal cancer via the serrated pathway. Key histologic features include: Serration extending to the crypt base. Architectural distortion of crypt bases: dilation, horizontal

❌ Differential: Tubular Adenoma Tubular adenomas are defined by cytologic dysplasia (enlarged, hyperchromatic, pencillate nuclei) in tubular glands. They lack the serrated architecture seen in HPs, SSL/Ps, and TSAs.