Yogeshwar et al. present clinical and MRI data from 127 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease. They show brain atrophy patterns that closely mirror sites of autoantibody binding and tau accumulation, with the location of atrophy linked to specific symptoms.

Adomaviciene et al. consider why patients with mental health difficulties increasingly opt to participate in clinical trials run by private companies rather than public hospitals.

Using a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, Lopes et al. show that dysregulation of aquaporin-4 water channel complexes may impair glymphatic function, contributing to α-synuclein accumulation in the brain.

Stroke patients are at increased risk of developing pneumonia. Chen et al. provide evidence that stroke disrupts parasympathetic nerve activity and induces a pulmonary inflammatory response, leading to compromised respiratory function.

Vromen et al. show that rates of cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment and amyloid positivity (MCI A+) are associated with distinct proteomic signatures depending on whether or not abnormal tau status is also present.

Martinez-Thompson et al. show that AI approaches applied to clinical electromyography data can assist in diagnosing ALS and estimating patient survival.

By conducting a multiomics study comparing muscle biopsy samples from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and other acquired and inherited myopathies, Liu et al. identify interleukin-17B as a marker of muscle regeneration.

Fernández Arias et al. show that plasma p-tau217 concentrations are more strongly associated with cognitive performance in AD than other plasma p-tau biomarkers, and outperform the other biomarkers in predicting memory impairment.

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Spencer et al. investigate the use of intracranial stimulation to improve movement in people with Parkinson's disease. They show that stimulating the globus pallidus internus improves motor function beyond the stimulation period.

Disentangling epilepsy and dementia: more to do, together. New scientific commentary by Arjune Sen

Using multimodal imaging, Tohyama et al. show that individuals with migraine have white matter damage in the trigeminal nerve, which is associated with neuroinflammation and with reduced communication with a key trigeminal sensory nucleus in the brainstem.

Tra et al. propose that the resistance of sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons to ALS pathology may be due to the absence of a typical axon initial segment.

Cortical spreading depolarization is thought to trigger headache through inflammatory signals in the brain/meninges. Using an intact mouse brain model, Kaya et al. explore the mechanisms that may suppress the neuroinflammatory response initiated by CSD.

Ashikawa et al. present a new rat model of acute neuromyelitis optica, characterized by extensive astrocyte loss in the spinal cord, and show that regeneration of astrocytes – driven by FGF8 signalling – contributes to functional recovery.

Silva-Rodríguez et al. show that patients with AD with Lewy body (LB) pathology experience faster cognitive decline and more severe hypometabolism than pts without this pathology. However, LB pathology is not associated with atypical phenotypic features.

Peruzzotti-Jametti et al. examine the remyelination potential of mouse- and human-derived directly induced neural stem cell (iNSC) grafts, and show that iNSCs can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and remyelinate axons in demyelinated lesions.

Bevilacqua et al. explore whether a novel brain stimulation method – cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) – can improve vision in stroke patients with occipital lobe damage.

Seeing the trees in the wood: the importance of co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. New editorial by Rimona S Weil:

Kazazian et al. review the use of neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness, detailing key methods (fMRI, EEG, PET) and imaging paradigms that can be used to improve diagnosis and prognosis.