Amitav Acharya
@AmitavAcharya
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Distinguished Prof @AU_SIS . @UNESCO Chair. Author The End of American World Order (Polity); Tragic Nation Burma (Penguin); Constructing Global Order (Cambridge)
Washington, DC
Joined July 2011
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Here is the video link of my lecture at Oxford Martin School, 08 March 2024. "Navigating world orders over five millennia: does the past offer clues to the future?' with Prof Amitav Acharya."
@AU_SIS
@research_sis
@oxmartinschool
@OxGlobalOrders
Presenting 5000 yr history of world ordering in less than 50 minutes
@oxmartinschool
last evening before a capacity audience
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Barry Buzan & I have signed a contract with Cambridge for our new joint book, “Re-Imagining International Relations: If IR had Emerged from India, China, or the Islamic World”.
It’s a prequel to our Making of Global International Book (2019).
It’s my 5th with Cambridge, thanks.
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The moment & the TV screenshot I (& millions around world) was waiting for!!
#bidenharis2020
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Please join the debate.
My response to
@FareedZakaria
column in
@washingtonpost
last week:
1. Zakaria argues that the "The world of a rules-based international order... emerged from the European enlightenment", mentioning specifically Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant.
My…
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I tell those who disparage area studies or privilege IR over area studies that much of IR theory is actually is European/American area studies masquerading as universal & that in most parts of the world, IR rode on the back of area studies.
Yeah, I'm an area specialist. I am, in fact, proudly an area specialist. I know more than you about East Asia. You got a problem with that?
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Caught up with Barry Buzan in Nashville
#ISA2022
We started our collaboration on Non-Western IR and Global IR in 2005 and published our third book last year.
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US no to Ukraine ceasefire entirely understandable; it has little to lose to keep war going, but lot to gain: more gas & arms sales, more European submissiveness. Real stress is for Europe (incl. Ukrainian people) & poorer nations (high energy, food etc).
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In keynote to Bangkok Indo-Pacific Conf, I said: 'Asia' was built by nationalists, 'Asia-Pacific' by economists, 'East Asia' by culturalists, 'Indo-Pacific' by strategists. Though ASEAN is in geographic center, I-P idea promoted by outside powers may erode its autonomy & identity
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Sad to think that Mahathir could have prevented the crisis by handing over power to Anwar as originally agreed. And that would have been the democratic outcome. Instead, Malaysia’s democracy is now at risk.
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IR theory will be more “practical” if it reflected the world of today, not of 19th or early and mid-20th centuries. Unfortunately it does not; a good deal of current IR literature is past its “use by date” (my reply to a friend from Europe, on how IR theory can be practical)
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Here is a review essay I just published in Perspectives on Politics:
Before the “West”: Recovering the Forgotten Foundations of Global Order.
March 2022 | Vol. 20/No. 1 265
doi:10.1017/S1537592721003601
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I sense the Ukraine conflict, NATO boosting & sweeping sanctions might resurrect Western triumphalism. The use of the term ‘West’ has exploded. It could energize supporters of the old order, as they contest the idea of a post-Western world. Interesting times for IR scholars
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Unity govt. does not equate a democratic govt. Or stable or efficient govt. Quite the contrary. Such a govt. may be justified if a country is faced with an existential crisis like war or economic meltdown. Malaysia isn’t. This is purely manufactured.
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Scholars & practitioners from poor countries have developed significant new ideas about, & approaches to, universal sovereignty, human rights, development, security & climate norms. Yet Western writers & leaders deny them credit & claim it for the West. A key theme of my book
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Got email from Indonesian scholar: “how can you be so productive in writing a lot of high-quality publications?” Me: I don’t know, but seeing lots of existing IR literature biased, patronizing against non-Western societies keeps me motivated to challenge, offer alternative voice
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My article, "Race and Racism in the Making of the Modern World Order", will appear in Jan 2022
@IAJournal_CH
as part of its 100th anniversary special issue. It took three rounds of reviews by five referees. Hope will spotlight racism in world affairs & IR. More tweets later.
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This essay argues that we are entering a Multiplex World, in which religion, not the US-centered notion of soft power, plays an ever increasing role.
The Geopolitics of Religious Soft Power: How States Use Religion in Foreign
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This shiny new book on IR theory arrived. Ch. 16 on Global IR synthesizes my work on the subject, & has two case studies: “IR theories & World Order”, & contribution of Mohammed Ayoob, one of the greatest IR scholars from Global South who influenced me deeply in my early years
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Social media is full of hatred for Henry Kissinger for war crimes & atrocities in Cambodia, Chile, Bangladesh etc. but let's not forget that he was the product of a world order which is still being celebrated as benign, peaceful & progressive by power elites of West.
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The Making of Global IR, by Acharya & Buzan, is 7th on the list.
24 Best New International Relations Books To Read In 2019:
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I cringe when people talk about the “fall of
#Afghanistan
”. When had it risen? It was invaded, constantly droned/bombed, subjected to social engineering, robbed, bullied by some neighbors & patronized by others, & finally abandoned. Shame on “international community”
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Many Global South regimes have, publicly or privately, and rightly, seen Putin’s invasion of Ukraine as a grave threat to world order & peace. But does this mean they will support a revival of US or West-led world order, or the Liberal Int Order? Highly unlikely.
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20k in Google Scholar today. Kind of makes you reflect back on all the years of work, late nights & early mornings, flights & hotels, classes & conferences, students, colleagues & mentors, above all friends & family, who have been part of this. Pleasing yet profoundly sobering
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The "Intro to IR" course is the most important & most demanding of IR courses. How is it taught in different parts of the world? Read the just out Forum in
@ISP_Journal
by professors drawing from their personal experiences (I wrote the concluding essay)
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Today my class Civilizations & World Order read Sitting Bull’s “This Land Belongs to Us” (1882) alongside Kissinger’s World Order (2014) Ch.7 “Acting for All Mankind”. Sitting Bull on white man’s freedom vs native Indian’s is most trenchant indictment of liberal order’s origin
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I cannot remember the last time Indonesia used stronger language on a matter of global security:
Foreign Minister Retno affirms ICJ jurisdiction to give Advisory Opinion.
"... no country is above the law. And the sanctity of this Court must be upheld.
Indonesia believes…
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The Global South Is Shifting Geopolitics in 2023: “The West seemingly expects countries to join the initiatives it wants to invest in, but it rarely shows up for everyone else’s problems.”
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Several media pundits & politicians likened the US to a “Third World” country today. Apart from being grossly insulting & racist as an analogy, how many “Third World” nations these days are led so thuggishly (with so many enablers too)?
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A global group of scholars compare notes on how they teach Intro. to IR course. Jamie Frueh, Paul F Diehl, Xiaoting Li, Gigi Gokcek, Jack Kalpakian, William Vlcek, Adam Bower, Raúl Salgado Espinoza, Santiago Carranco, Jacqui de Matos-Ala, Navnita Chadha Behera, Amitav Acharya
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Just in: Multipolar or multiplex? Interaction capacity, global cooperation and world order
@IAJournal_CH
Acharya, Estevadeordal, Goodman. We create a new dataset of 33k+ treaties 1945-2017 to analyze world order shift & emergence of Multiplex World. Free
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Nankai University (est. 1919) awarded me a lifetime Guest Professorship at special ceremony this afternoon. Kenneth Waltz & Henry Kissinger are the only other IR scholars who received this award. I then gave the first of Nankai’s Centennial Grand Forum Lectures. What an honor!
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The photo is in a book I bought in Jakarta. Tall, towering Patnaik is calm & dignified despite having flown through dangerous Dutch blockade
Shri Biju Patnaik landing in Yogyakarta in 1947 to aid Indonesian fighters. A true Odia hero. Pic sent by
@AmitavAcharya
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The academic peer review system has gone over the cliff. Here is a manuscript I was invited to review.
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BBC calls him a 'gunman’, & ‘self-described white supremacist’ & covers his face. CNN headlines him as a ‘murder suspect’. rather than a ‘terrorist’. What is keeping the leading Western media from calling this guy a terrorist?
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I can't celebrate in such times receiving
@AmericanU
's top faculty honor, but I do feel very lucky so many students, faculty & staff, here & world over, have supported my work to find inclusive, creative ways for studying International Relations & building world order. Thank YOU
SIS professor
@AmitavAcharya
is the recipient of this year’s
@AmericanU
Scholar/Teacher of the Year Award!
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Amitav Acharya, Professor at American University, Washington DC, and former President of the International Studies Association (ISA) , explains the idea of Global IR, which he introduced in his Presidential Address in 2014.
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The ‘real history of the liberal order’?
1. Created as a club of the West, not world
2. Managed more by coercion than consent
3. Selective benefits to likeminded & compliant
4. Double-standards on free trade, rights, ecology
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The UNCLOS is hardly a Western imposition on Asia. Rather, it’s very Asian in its making. Sri Lankan Hamilton Amerasinghe & Singapore’s Tommy Koh were presidents of the 3rd Law of the Sea Conference that passed the Convention. Indonesia & Philippines also had important roles.
Just returned from International Maritime Security Conference at Singapore. China feels that UNCLOS is based on western laws, & is an unfair imposition upon Asian values. I interjected: India too represents such values, but upholds Law. It accepted PCA verdict in Bangladesh case.
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This is interesting teaching material for IR course segments on: West vs Rest or Rise of Rest. I stopped watching CNN a while ago except when snippets like this show up in social media.
CNN journalist trying to lecture the Indian Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Hardeep Singh Puri is not buying her bullshit narrative.
Welcome to the multipolar world...
💪💪💪
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Latest
@ForeignAffairs
with my essay, “Hierarchies of Weakness: The Social Divisions That Hold Countries Back”. It offers a new term for power: “Power Within”: how race, gender, class, caste & religious identity shape the power of nations. Open access
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My brief essay: The Global South Needs its Own Vision and Vocabulary of “World Order”
“Global South should not be mimicking or adopting concepts and ideas originally developed in the West such as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar.”
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I also said:
Far East by imperialists,
Asia by nationalists,
East Asia by culturalalists.
'Political scientist Amitav Acharya had once famously said that Asia-Pacific is a concept coined by economists, and "Indo-Pacific" by strategists.'
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Couldn’t go to Southeast Asia as I have done every summer, so bringing Southeast Asia to home. Nasi lemak (prepared by wife) with all the toppings (coconut rice, fried chicken, sambal belachan, fried egg, peanuts, fried ikan bilis) plus teh tarik (pulled by myself) for breakfast
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Global IR is tops. "Global International Relations (IR) and Regional Worlds: A New Agenda for International Studies" is now No.1 in
@ISQ_Jrnl
"most read" articles. It is based on my 2014 ISA Presidential Speech. Download
or
#ResearchGate
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All IR scholars should read this by
@CarlaNorrlof
& Cheng Xu. Why are minority scholars denied credit for their ideas? Why do
@isanet
awards such as best book almost never go to minority scholars? Tyranny of not-so-hidden networks in IR
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Racial origins of IR in US:
Jnl. of Race Development (1910) became, as Vol. 10, Jnl of International Relations (1919) which in turn became Foreign Affairs (1922). FA 1st editorial:
“We have taken over its (JIR’s) inheritance and good will and are appealing to a wider public.”
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IR scholars often seeks origin of modern concepts–democracy, sovereignty, nation- in Greco/Roman or European history. Did democracy as now exist in Athens? Or human rights in Europe till modern era? Yet we see West as their inventors & deny shades of such ideas in other societies
...ourselves to a past. The sense of "nation" clearly existed over a thousand years ago in East Asia. Not necessarily 국가주의 (I'd call that "state nationalism"), but 민족주의 ("country-ism" perhaps)...a sense of place, society, culture.
The point for today? In asking how...
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What ‘pluralistic universalism’ in Global IR means:
1.there is no singular or monistic universality; no one idea that fits all
2. Every civilization sees itself as universal, but is in reality connected & co-dependent with others
3. IR has multiple if overlapping origins
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My review article on ‘Recovering the Forgotten Foundations of Global Order’
@PoPpublicsphere
, one of the top journals in Political Science, was highlighted as “extremely popular” by its editors in their 2022-23 Annual Report to
@APSAtweets
Here is a review essay I just published in Perspectives on Politics:
Before the “West”: Recovering the Forgotten Foundations of Global Order.
March 2022 | Vol. 20/No. 1 265
doi:10.1017/S1537592721003601
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Chinese translation of Rethinking Power, Institutions & Ideas published by Shanghai Peoples’ Press. It is my 4th book in Chinese transl.: (1) ASEAN & Reg Order; (2) Human Security; (3) End of American World Order. (5) Constructing Global Order & (6) Making of Global IR, due soon
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Take a look at The Making of Global International Relations (Cambridge 2019), by me and Buzan. Lots of discussion of non-US & non-Western IR scholars & ideas plus extensive bibliography on these. From China, Qin Yaqing, Tang Shiping. From India, Behera, Bajpai, Mallavarappu+++
Need to seriously de-USofAmericanize the readings on my Introduction to International Studies syllabus.... academic twitter please help! SOS cc
@isanet
@AASAsianStudies
@AmitavAcharya
@daveckang
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“The ‘Liberal World Order’ Was Built With Blood”. Interesting to see liberal papers like New York Times are publishing such critiques of liberal order now after ignoring same arguments as that made in my 2014 book The End of American World Order
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This excellent article (open access) by Errol Henderson in
@millennjournal
confirms racist origins of IR & challenges narrow meaning of “theory” in IR. The “Howard School”’s Du Bois & Alain Locke are as much IR “theorists” as Deutsch & John Locke
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Pleased to report that my paper made it to top ten among SSRN’s “All Time Top Papers” in History of International Relations Theory category
What “Introduction to International Relations” Misses Out: Civilizations, World Orders, and the Rise of the West
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Close shave for an author. Yesterday, I was proofing my book mscript submitted Sept. 2020, “One cannot rule out a dramatic reversal of the already fragile democratization process in Myanmar, resulting in the military’s return to power or control”. Easily amended now
#Myanmarcoup
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“Global IR has emerged and will continue to evolve not with a big bang, but in a thousand small steps. Global IR is not a top-down vision commanded by some guru of IR theory (but) evolving organically through bottom-up construction.” Read on….open access
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Moments ago, with Henry Kissinger, who is holding my book, The End of American World Order. At Center for National Interest 25th anniversary.
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"This book is a must-read for students, teachers, policymakers and wider academicians across the globe for a balanced knowledge of past and present of India and China for setting yardstick for understanding the future."
The book under review is open access.…
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Honored (bit surprised too) that the venerable
@SOAS
has given me a new title: Professor of Practice in Transnational Governance. A honorary position to recognize my collaborative work with
@soas_cisd
&
@DanPlesch
e.g. on UN & global governance.
Thank you.
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Why is Global South reluctant to side with West? Not that it condones Russian invasion. But due to coercive threats of secondary sanctions, vastly better help to Ukrainian vis-a-vis African/Afghan/Syrian war victims, memories of repeated Western invasions of sovereign nations
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Nowhere to go, lot more to listen to. Here 12 lectures, titled "An Introduction to International Relations: A World Order Perspective", given in Mandalay, Kyoto, DC, Beijing, etc. past 10 yrs. Hope useful for IR teaching. Thx RA
@MohYOthman
#GlobalIR
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With Boris in Downing Street joining Trump in White House, the UK & the US two of the founders of liberal internationalism, are becoming loner powers whose foreign policy is based on exit & self-exclusion, backed by domestic populism
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No matter how one looks at it, the ICJ verdict on South Africa's case against Israel would accentuate perceptions in the Global South of inadequacy & double standards in institutions of the Liberal International Order, and fuel more calls for displacing that order.
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My take
@TheNatlInterest
on "How Coronavirus May Rehape World Order"- "The real argument of interdependence theory is not that it prevents conflict, but that it makes conflict more costly to all parties... The coronavirus crisis has proven just that"
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1000 Google Scholar citations for my 2014 ISA Presidential Address.
Global International Relations (IR) and Regional Worlds: A New Agenda for International Studies. May be it's the Munshi's 'pagdi' headgear.
Still open access.
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Finally bought a kayak, and what a lovely day in this late Fall to take it out for the first time on the Bay in front of our house. No grading or lecturing today, no Trump, no liberal world order or multiplex world to worry about.
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Dear Mr Kissinger,
As a realist IR guru, you ought to have known of a very practical Indian named Kautilya. His philosophy led to an empire. (Plato’s philosophy led to Star Trek S1,E10)
But thanks for giving us yet another example of how IR theory silences non-Western ideas
Kissinger, Mao with some casual ridicule of India. (Nov. 1973)
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Called many things, but ‘God’ (Dewa) Hubungan Internasional (of IR) is a first.
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Few things inspire you to keep working as an academic writer than when you get a message from a graduate student you never knew that your work “have been incredibly formative as I begin to plan my dissertation research”
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We have heard a lot about hard/soft/normative/smart power, etc. These are mostly about distribution of power between nations. How does distribution of power within nations shape world order? Watch this space for my article next week in a leading magazine on THE POWER WITHIN.
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Expect much talk in US on a Biden revival of liberal order. Most US pundits & foreign affairs magazines had ignored/misread LIO's decline pre-Trump. Expect same about its restoration. Biden can revive aspects, but any ‘new lib order’ would be sub-systemic, along with other orders
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Here is
@FareedZakaria
@ForeignAffairs
: "most worrying challenge to the rules-based international order does not come from China, Russia, or Iran. It comes from the United States.”
This argument is old, made by me in
@FT
in Jan 2017
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Just returned to school for the first time in the new year & saw these from a student (name withheld) in front of my office door. Best new year present-the kind of thing (with sea salt caramel choc too) that makes life as professor so worthwhile, despite challenges/frustrations
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This showed up: Acharya & Buzan ed., Non-Western IR Theory (2010) which started many a conversation.about the future of IR, & led to the “Global turn” in IR
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The correct link for Buzan-Acharya
Re-imagining International Relations, is It will be out in Nov, can be pre-ordered now.
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Fareed Zakaria today in Washington Post writes: "the defining features of the new era is that it is post-American...the Pax Americana of the past three decades is over." I thought pax Americana was over a while ago.
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Europe just became world’s most dangerous place. Could get worse.
When Cold War ended, Europe was seen a model for peaceful change; Asia, already more war-prone, ripe for more.
Now what? Asia’s past, Europe’s future?
East Asia has so far avoided outright war by a great power.
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Lively debate with full audience this morning at
#ISA2019
on “A Century of Int. Relations”
1. Did IR start in 1919, or 1648 or 1498?
2. Do we need a common narrative in IR?
3. Is IR a socialization tool by hegemonic power?
4. Can we get rid of terms like Western/non-Western?
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“Global IR has..become an effective discursive tool to critique the (re)production of Western-centric knowledge..facilitated growth of non-Western-centric theorising..enabled greater interrogation of context and complexity in IR knowledge production”
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We Won!!!!! My side in the just concluded Oxford Union Debate against the motion ‘the world still needs US global leadership’ won by 166 to 124.Details to follow.
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I see a number of writings (just Google) about a Chinese world order in the making. The idea of course in not new, but the way they are presented these days weaponizes the very idea of world order, reflecting establishment US policy interests. We really need a more balanced view.
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This is huge, esp. for IR students given Wilson School's high ranking. In "Making of Global International Relations" (2019: 93), Buzan & I note: "Wilson...was an active exponent of race politics and white supremacy both domestically and internationally".
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Global IR from the regions: special issue on “Southeast Asia in Global IR: A Reflexive Stocktaking in Research and Teaching”. Outstanding ‘local’ editor/contributors
…
@GIRS_ISA
@ContemporarySEA
Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 44/2 (August 2022)
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(1) Fukuyama now wants socialism back. (2) Earlier he saw no alternative to capitalism/democracy. Agree (1) & (2) are not contradictory. But the real issue is whether he was wrong about (2). There is no end to ideological & political diversity.
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2 readings on race & security studies
1.“Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Professional Associations: Experiences from Security Studies”
2. “The Importance of Racial Inclusion in Security Studies”
T.V. Paul and Amitav Acharya
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Beyond Russia-Ukraine context, NATO is weaponization of Liberal International Order-a once & future club of selective nations-at a time of global shifts. Unable to co-opt rising powers through soft power, a military alliance is the LIO’s last stand to maintain influence
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At least 30 new infectious diseases appeared in past thirty years, I wrote in my chapter on Human Security (now dropped by editors) in Globalization of World Politics, 6th edn.)Yet
#COVID2019
shows importance of including global health & human security in intro IR texts.
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Those interested in Global South’s contribution to world Order may find it useful:
Idea-shift’: how ideas from the rest are reshaping global order
Amitav Acharya
Third World Quarterly, 37:7, 1156-1170,
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"Reimagining International Relations", my Podcast with Next Page, produced by the UN Library & Archives in Geneva, covers the history of International Relations, civilizations & world order, rise of the Rest, Global IR, much more. Listen at
@UNOGLibrary
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Asian security dialogues (mostly monologues) often start with US-China. This gives undue voice to ‘experts’ that know little of the region. Yet literature shows security problems emerge mainly from domestic & regional roots. One should start from there, avoid outside-in bias
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The tragedy of two failing superpowers
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