Consider a hypothetical API that connects to a Postgres database to fetch user data. Without using any design principles, we might write code like this:

This code works fine, but it tightly couples the UserAPI class to the specific details of the Postgres database. If we ever want to switch to a different database or update the database schema, we would need to modify the UserAPI class.

To address this issue, we can use the Dependency Inversion Principle. Instead of depending on specific details of the database, the UserAPI class can depend on an abstraction that defines the required behavior. Let's define an abstraction using an abstract class:

The PostgresDatabase class implements the Database abstract class, which defines a connect() method. The UserAPI class can now depend on this abstraction, rather than on the specific implementation details of PostgreSQL.

Now, the UserAPI class depends on the Database abstraction, which can be implemented by any class that implements the connect() method. We can create a new class that implements the Database interface for a different type of database.

In summary, by using the Dependency Inversion Principle, we were able to decouple the UserAPI class from specific implementation details of the database. This made our code more flexible and modular, and easier to maintain over time.

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